1. VISION (Traditional)
1.1. Traditional visions tend to view the schools as necessary to the transmission of traditional values
1.2. Traditional visions are about the values of U.S. society, such as hard work, family, unity, individual initiative and so on.
1.3. Traditionalist believe that the schools should pass on the best of what was and what is.
2. Politics of Education
2.1. PERSPECTIVE (Liberal)
2.1.1. Became dominant during Franklin D. Roosevelt also know as "New Deal" era
2.1.2. Believes that free market, if left unregulated, is prone to significant abuses. Especially those who are disadvantage economically and politcally
2.1.3. It is primarily concerned with balancing the economic productivity of capitalism with social and economic needs of the majority of people in the United States
3. Philosophy of Education
3.1. Pragmatism
3.1.1. Generic Notation- Children can learn skills through experiences as well as from books
3.1.2. Key Researchers- George Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey
3.1.3. Goal of Education- to make sure each child turns into a responsible member of society
3.1.4. Role of Teacher- teacher should be able to manage classroom. Make sure your classroom is able to work together.
3.1.5. Method of Instruction- The instructor of the classroom will lead while children should be able to to work independently.
3.1.6. Curriculum- Will go by content standards
4. History of U.S Education
4.1. Education for Women and African-Americans
4.1.1. The role of women in Western society has been known as the helpmate or homemaker of the house, the education for women and African-Americans has helped change this
4.1.2. Education helped women start being educated and helped get some independence about themselves, which is why I think this is the greatest reform.
4.1.3. Emma Hart Willard opened the Troy Female seminary in Troy, New York. It delivered education to women just like the males were receiving.
4.2. Historical Interpretation of U.S. Education
4.2.1. The schools were going through a transformation due to rapidly changing technology
4.2.2. It was interpreted to be changing very quickly.
4.2.3. Physiologist as well as philosophers became actively involved in educational reform.
5. Sociological Perspectives
5.1. School VS Society
5.1.1. (Functional theories) Funcional sociologist begin with a picture of society that stress the independence of the social system
5.1.2. (Conflict Theories) In this view the glue of society is ecomenic, political, cultural, and military power.
5.1.3. (Interactional theories) Interactional theories is about the relation of school and society. It is primarily critiques and extensions of the functional and conflict perspectives
5.2. Three effects that impact students
5.2.1. (Knowledge and Attitude) Sociologist of education disagree strongly about the relative importance of schooling in terms of what knowledge and attitudes young people acquire in schools.
5.2.2. (Employment) By graduating college it will lead you to greater employment opporunities
5.2.3. (Self Respect) If you have self respect and respect others they will respect you
6. Schools as organizations
6.1. Major Stakeholders
6.1.1. State Senator- Clay Scofield
6.1.2. House of Representatives-Randall Shedd
6.1.3. State Superintendent- Tommy Bice
6.1.4. Representative on state school board- There are nine members but Robert Bentley is the president
6.1.5. Local Superintendent- Cindy Saye Wigley
6.1.6. Local School Board- Bill Aaron, Vince Edmonds, Terry Kennamar, Mark Rains and Tony Edmonds
7. Curriculum and Pedagogy
7.1. Historical Curriculum Change (Social Efficiency Curriculum)
7.1.1. Helped develop mass public secondary eduation
7.1.2. It has been tailored to prepare students for diverse places in society
7.1.3. Believes that different groups of students need different types of schooling
7.2. Sociological Curriculum Change (Modern funcionalist theory)
7.2.1. Prepares students for increasingly complex roles
7.2.2. History and Literature is less important as teaching kids to learn a vital skill
7.2.3. Individuals are rewarded based on achievement and competence
8. Equality of Opportunity
8.1. Coleman Study
8.1.1. Coleman received a large grant to study the relationship between the organizational characteristics of school
8.1.2. Round one there were two major findings
8.1.3. After round one of the study they don't that where an individual goes to school has little effect on their cognitive growth
8.1.4. He found that schools that are innovative, learner centered and mission driven could make the difference
8.1.5. Coleman stated that private schools were more effective learning environments than public schools
8.1.6. This debate was never resolved and one can expect more research will happen
8.2. Educational achievement and attainment of one marginalized population
8.2.1. People are discriminated against on the basis of gender and race
8.2.2. In the last 30 years the upper and middle classes in the united states have become increasingly wealthy
8.2.3. Students in different social classes have different kinds of educational experiences
8.2.4. An individuals race has direct impact on how much education he or she is likely to recieve
8.2.5. Gender plays another role on his ir her educational retainment
8.2.6. Class, gender and race all take role in a child's educational attainment, which is sad.
9. Educational Inequality
10. Educational Reform
10.1. Charter Schools
10.1.1. Charter schools are going up everywhere nation wide
10.1.2. Just like public schools that have no regulation applied to the traditional public schools
10.1.3. Charter schools are paid for with tax dollars
10.1.4. It is said that Charter schools provide more effective and efficienct schooling for low income students
10.1.5. Charter schools admit children that have not performed well in public schools
10.1.6. Studies show students in charter schools have higher acheivment
10.2. Full Service and Community Schools
10.2.1. Examine plan to educate not only the child but the community
10.2.2. Full service schools focus on meeting students and their families
10.2.3. Community schools are designed to target and improve at risk neighborhoods
10.2.4. They are opened for extended hours
10.2.5. They allow the community to help the child learn as well
10.2.6. There are programs for every child and person in the community