1. Autism
1.1. developmental disability significantly affecting verbal & nonverbal communication & social interaction
1.2. stereotyped movements
1.3. resistance to change
1.4. adversely affects child's educational performance
1.5. Suggestion
1.5.1. Sped programs for students with ASDs focus on improving communication, social, academic, behavioral, and daily living skills.
2. Deaf-Blindness
2.1. Simultaneous hearing & visual impairments
2.2. Hellen Keller is perhaps the most famous person to overcome deaf-blindness
2.3. adversely affects child's educational performance
2.4. Suggestion
2.4.1. SPED & related services to address the individual needs. Often one on one attention is required
3. Deafness
3.1. Hearing Impairment
3.2. Difficulty processing linguistic information
3.3. adversely affects child's educational performance
3.4. Case Study (Caroline)
3.4.1. She was fitted with hearing aides and regularly meets with speech pathologist to improve speech, vocabulary and attentiveness.
3.5. Suggestion
3.5.1. Teachers must work closely with audiologists to help student maximize their learning despite auditory impairment
4. Developmental Delay
4.1. Delay in physical development
4.2. Delay in cognitive development
4.3. delay in ability to communicate
4.4. Delay in social or emotional development
4.5. delay in adaptive behavioral development
4.6. Suggestion
4.6.1. Counseling & training for the family of student is often advised
5. Emotional Disturbance
5.1. An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.
5.2. An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.
5.3. A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.
5.4. A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.
5.5. adversely affects child's educational performance
5.6. Suggestion
5.6.1. For some students with emotional disturbance, symptoms can be stabilized over time using an approach that combines medication and psychosocial treatment.
6. Hearing Impairment
6.1. permanent or fluctuatiing loss of hearing
6.2. adversely affects child's educational performance
6.3. Suggestion
6.3.1. Child should meet with audiologist to determine specific needs, and fitted with hearing aides.
7. Intellectual Disability
7.1. adversely affects child's educational performance
7.2. Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior
7.3. Case Study (Matthew)
7.3.1. Has trouble learning new things. Parents & Sped teachers worked together to find out what Matthew can do for work. They helped him to explore careers relating to trees and the outdoors (his two main interests).
7.4. Suggestion
7.4.1. Develop an IEP to assess and meet the child's unique needs
8. Multiple Disabilities
8.1. Child exhibits more than one the other 13 categories
8.2. Suggestion
8.2.1. Must diagnose which disabilities are involved, and then come up with a comprehensive IEP to address all of the student's specific needs
9. Orthopedic Impairment
9.1. adversely affects child's educational performance
9.2. Congenital abnormally
9.3. impairments caused by diesease
9.3.1. polio
9.3.2. bone tuerculosis
9.3.3. Scoliosis
9.3.3.1. Forrest Gump's character would have fallen into this category
9.4. impairmnets from other causes
9.4.1. cerebral palsy
9.4.2. amputations
9.4.3. fractures
9.5. Suggestion
9.5.1. Find out if child is restricted from certain physical activities or has pain when sitting for long periods of time. Make exception to address these issues.
10. Other Health Impairment
10.1. adversely affects child's educational performance
10.2. Limited physcical abilities
10.2.1. Strength
10.2.2. Vitality
10.2.3. alertness
10.3. caused by acute health problems
10.3.1. epilepsy
10.3.2. heart condition
10.3.3. Tourettes
10.3.4. leukemia
10.4. Suggestion
10.4.1. Work with doctors, school nurse & parents to make sure all health needs are addressed within the school day. Adjust IEP to accommodate specific issues.
11. Specific Learning Disability
11.1. adversely affects child's educational performance
11.2. Perceptual disablities
11.3. Minimal brain dysfunction
11.4. Dyslexia
11.5. Developmental aphasia
11.6. Case Study (Sara)
11.6.1. Had trouble learning to read. Was assessed to have a learning disability. Was assigned reading specialist & resource room teacher to meet with each day. Has now caught up to her grade's reading level.
11.7. Suggestion
11.7.1. Arrange for individualized instruction with professional to address specific needs
12. Speech or Language Impairment
12.1. Stuttering
12.1.1. Many people are able to overcome these speech impairments & lead rewarding lives
12.2. Impaired articulation
12.3. voice impairment
12.4. adversely affects child's educational performance
12.5. Suggestion
12.5.1. Assign one on one time with speech pathologist to address student's specific needs.
13. Traumatic Brain Injury
13.1. adversely affects child's educational performance
13.2. Acquired brain injury caused by external physical force,
13.3. Open or closed head injuries
13.4. affecting one or more areas
13.4.1. cognition
13.4.2. language memory
13.4.3. attention
13.4.4. reasoning
13.4.5. abstract thinking
13.4.6. judgement
13.4.7. speech
13.5. Suggestion
13.5.1. Plan ahead to address child's newly encountered challenges. Develop flexible IEP to address those needs. Set expectations on current, not past, abilities
14. Visual Impairment Including Blindness
14.1. Even with correction still adversely affects child's educational performance
14.2. Parial sight
14.3. Blindness
14.4. Suggestion
14.4.1. Early intervention is paramount. Meet with an optometrist. Alter lesson plan to incorporate audio and sensory methods. Address specific learning requirements in IEP