1. sumerians
1.1. sumerian sculpture included statues with large, wide open eyes, as well as small objects carved out of ivory
1.2. the sumerians used geometry for irrigation systems and structures
1.3. The ziggurats were consisent of ramps, columns and arches
1.4. cylinder seals are of the most famous sumer art designs.small stone cylenders engraved all around it when roll over wet clay it leaves the imprints of its design
2. Arts and Education
2.1. shang/zhou
2.1.1. the shang developed chinese writing closely tied to the use of oracle bones
2.1.2. the early shang texts used picture symbols to represent objects or ideas
2.1.3. shang astronomers created a precise calendar based on the cycles of the moon
2.1.4. evidence suggests that the shang may have created the first system of money
3. Economy and Trade
3.1. Sumerians
3.1.1. Sumerians aquired most of their building materials (Metals, Wood, and stone) by trading woven textiles with people across Southwest Asia
3.1.2. Sumerians traded because they didn't have the raw materials.
3.1.3. Since trading made certain sumerians more wealthy than others, social ranking and economic status occured.
3.1.4. The wealthiest people were either kings, priests and their main helpers. Then came people who owned large amounts of land or merchants. After them came (The majority of the sumerians) artisans, farmers and laborers. Then the most poor were slaves who were usually caught in battle.
3.2. Shang/ Zhou
3.2.1. Historians have found evidence that the Shang created the first system of money. But the Zhou introduced the first coins
3.2.2. Economy under the Zhou grew as well as population and food surplus.
3.2.3. The Zhou figured out a way to work with Iron instead of bronze because it was stronger and cheaper
3.2.4. a
3.2.5. The Zhou had natural barriers around them that made trade outside the region difficult.The Gobe Dessert and Himilayan Mountains protected China from invasion
4. Religion
4.1. sumerians
4.1.1. They practiced polytheism which is the worship of many gods not jut one.
4.1.2. They believed that the god were just like the people, they ate and married and fought.
4.1.3. Because of what they believed they worked really hard to please the gods.
4.1.4. Priests held high positions in this time. Although they did start to lose their power as cities went to battle for dominance.
4.2. shang/Zhou
4.2.1. Took pride in burial. Often covered the person in valuable items.
4.2.2. They believed in afterlife,many people were buried together.
4.2.3. They worshiped their dead ancestors to keep them happy.
4.2.4. They asked questions to their ancestors for advice through a process of heating metal and applying it to the bone. The bone would crack and a trained person would read what it meant.
5. Social Structure and Family Life
5.1. Sumerians
5.1.1. Women had certain role in society such as being witnesses in court.
5.1.2. The father had complete control over the children and could even sell them as slaves.
5.1.3. Widows took the husbands place in the household.
5.1.4. The sumerians worked hard to please the gods.
5.2. Shang/Zhou
5.2.1. Sometimes farmers were called up to fight in the army or to work alongside slaves.
5.2.2. The Shang created a social pyramid starting with the king at the top.
5.2.3. Social classes were also distinguished through burials.
5.2.4. Many families worshipped many gods.
6. Map of Sumeria
7. Map of Shang Zhou
8. Invented chopsticks which are still used in today's world
9. Used Bronze to make fashion weapons, ritual vessels, and parts of chariots.
10. Invented the plow and had high intelligence working with metals
11. Farmers were now able to increase the size of their harvests and increasing the amount of food
12. Learned how to use iron which they used for almost everything
13. Iron weapons strengthened the army which led to the creation of the catapult
13.1. Land is extremely fertile near the rivers to farm
14. Geography and Agriculture
14.1. Sumerians
14.1.1. Land was located in southern part of Mesopotamia called "Sumer"
14.1.2. Adapted the the agricultural process such as the concept of the "City"
14.1.3. Herders of sheep and goat
14.2. Shang/Zhou
14.2.1. Along the Yellow River.
14.2.2. Skilled workers in jade, bone, wood, bronze and ceramics.
14.2.3. Settled on Farms and grew wheat, millet, rice, and barley crops for sources on food.
15. Science and Technology
15.1. Sumerians
15.1.1. Math system based on the number 60
15.1.2. They learned geometry in order to build structures and irrigation systems
15.1.3. Invented the wheel that they used to make a variety of vehicles and in pottery
15.2. Shang/Zhou
16. Government and Leaders
16.1. Sumerians
16.1.1. Priests held a high status and initially governed the city-states.
16.1.2. War chiefs began to rule as kings who served as the gods chief representatives.
16.1.3. Many of the city states formed dynasties.
16.1.4. the sumerian people built ziggurats and temples for priests and priestesses to hold ceremonies and offer the gods food and drink.
16.2. Shang/Zhou
16.2.1. At the capitol city of Anyang, Shang kings were surrounded by a court, who performed rituals intended to strengthen the kingdom.
16.2.2. The king appointed governors to rule distant parts of the kingdom.
16.2.3. The king had a large army at his disposal. they fought opponents from outside china and also prevented rebellions within the kingdom.
16.2.4. the Shang ruling elite had time to pursue leisure activities like hunting for sport.