1. Образа действия
1.1. how? как? каким образом?
1.2. as if, as though + одновременно -> Past Indefinite (Past Continuous)
1.2.1. He spoke as if (as though) he knew this question very well.
1.2.2. They walked slowly up the stairs as if (as though) they were carrying something heavy.
2. Уступительные
2.1. though, (although) - хотя, in spite of the fact that - несмотря на то что, however, whoever, whatever, whichever - X бы ни
2.1.1. Whatever I may do, he is never content.
2.1.2. Although the weather was bad, we went for a walk.
2.1.3. He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold.
3. Условия
3.1. Вместо Future - Present
4. Цели
5. Времени
5.1. Вместо Future - Present
5.1.1. You will be informed as soon as he comes.
5.1.2. By the time you come, I shall be ready.
5.1.3. When I come back, I’ll call you.
5.2. when? (когда) how long? (как долго) since when? (с каких пор)
5.3. когда == в то время как -> while,as
5.3.1. While he was explaining all this, the phone rang.
5.3.2. As I was coming here, I met your brother.
5.4. когда -> when
5.4.1. It was late when I went home.
5.5. к тому времени -> by the time that
5.5.1. I will have finished the letter by the time (that) you come back.
5.6. тогда, когда -> when
5.6.1. I shall do it when I return.
6. Места
6.1. where? (где, куда) from where? (откуда)
6.2. where -> где, куда; wherever -> где бы ни, куда бы ни.
6.2.1. I will go where my brother lives.
6.2.2. Wherever he went, he was welcome.
7. Причины
7.1. why? почему?
7.2. because -> потому что, as,for,since -> так как, since -> поскольку
7.2.1. I’m late because I was very busy.
7.2.2. Since you feel tired, you should rest.
7.2.3. Now that he is here, he can help you.
8. Следствия
8.1. so that (so... that) -> так что
8.1.1. It was so hot that nobody wanted to do anything.
8.1.2. The snow blew in our faces so we could hardly see.