1. Definition of Assessment
1.1. Diagnostic Assessment- Diagnostic assessment is a pre-assessment that is given to students before the beginning of a new lesson.
1.1.1. Formative Assessment- Formative assessments are assessments that are taken during a lesson to check for student’s understanding.
1.1.2. Summative Assessment- Summative assessments are assessments that are given to students at the end of a lesson.
1.2. Performance-based Assessment- Performance-based assessments are assessments that test how students apply what they have learned to real world situations.
1.2.1. High Stakes Assessment- High stakes assessments are assessments who’s outcome determines important results.
1.2.2. Portfolio Assessment- Portfolio assessments are assessments that collect an array of student work to measure their progress.
1.3. Authentic Assessment- Authentic assessment is an assessment that tests the thinking behind the answers given by students.
1.3.1. Self Assessment- Self assessment is an assessment in which the student assesses himself/herself.
1.3.2. Peer Assessment- Peer assessment is an assessment that is done by students for other students.
2. Advantages or Disadvantages of Assessment
2.1. Diagnostic- The advantage of this type of assessment is that it allows the teacher to check the students’ understanding into account before planning a lesson. The disadvantage is that some students might do well in the pre-assessment and some might not do well.
2.1.1. Formative- The advantage of this assessment is that it informs the teacher immediately if students’ are understanding the concept or not. There doesn’t seem to be a disadvantage to this assessment.
2.1.2. Summative- The advantage of this type of assessment is that it tells the teacher how effective the lesson was by checking the understanding of the entire class.
2.2. Performance-based- The advantage of this assessment is that it allows the students to better understand the lessons, as they will have to apply it in a realistic situation. The disadvantage of this assessment is that it might be too complicated and challenging for most students.
2.2.1. High Stakes- The advantage of such an assessment is that it is the same for all the students of that state. The disadvantage is that not all students are good at giving tests.
2.2.2. Portfolio- The advantage of this assessment is that it is simple and easy for the teacher the manage. It also shows the parents proof of their child’s work. The disadvantage is that this type of assessment might now be useful for older grades.
2.3. Authentic- The advantage of this assessment is that it gives the teacher a clear view of who understands a concept and who doesn’t. The disadvantage of this assessment is that it might be difficult for students as they have to explain why they chose a particular answer.
2.3.1. Self Assessment- The advantage of this assessment is that students who understand the lesson thoroughly will be able to assess themselves properly. The disadvantage is that students that have not understood the lesson, will not be able to assess themselves correctly.
2.3.2. Peer Assessment- The advantage of this assessment is that both students involved benefit from it.
3. Examples of Assessment
3.1. Diagnostic- Before starting a unit on trees in a Pre-K class, the teacher can have the students draw a picture of a tree, to check what they know about trees.
3.1.1. Formative- As students are learning about trees, the teacher should continuously ask students questions to check for their understanding.
3.1.2. Summative- For a second grade class, after learning about adjectives, the class is given a test about it.
3.2. Performance-based- For a Pre-K class, during recess time, the teacher can ask the students if more students are playing on the slide or on the swings?
3.2.1. High stakes- The MAP tests that students have to take in my school is an example of a high stakes assessment.
3.2.2. Portfolio- For a Pre-K class, a portfolio assessment could be a portfolio that is developed after a unit has been completed. For example, after the trees unit, the students will have a portfolio with all the work that they have done during the unit.
3.3. Authentic- An example of an authentic assessment would be to read a passage and then explain why the write wrote such a passage.
3.3.1. Self Assessment- For a middle school class, after a student gives a presentation on Egyptian history, he/she should grade himself/herself afterwards.
3.3.2. Peer Assessment- For a second grade class, a peer assessment could be as simple as checking another student’s spelling test.
4. Purpose of Assessment
4.1. Diagnostic- The purpose of this assessment is to check the student’s understanding prior to beginning a new lesson, so that the new lesson could be structured accordingly.
4.1.1. Formative- The purpose of this assessment is to check if students’ are grasping the concept of the lesson.
4.1.2. Summative- The purpose of this assessment is to check the students’ understanding of the lesson at the end of it.
4.2. Performance-based- The purpose of this assessment is to check if students can apply what they have learned.
4.2.1. High stakes- The purpose of this assessment is to use the test results to make important decisions about students, teachers and school districts.
4.2.2. Portfolio- The purpose of this assessment is to display the student’s work and show parents how the student has improved throughout the year.
4.3. Authentic- The purpose of this assessment is to check if students know the correct answer and understand why that answer is correct.
4.3.1. Self Assessment- The purpose of this assessment is to check if a student is able assess his/her own work.
4.3.2. Peer Assessment- The purpose of this assessment is to check the understanding of both students that are giving the assessment and checking the assessment.
5. Assessment for learning or of learning
5.1. Diagnostic- Diagnostic assessment is an assessment for learning. This assessment tells the teacher what he/she needs to teach the students for their learning.
5.1.1. Formative- Formative assessment is an assessment of learning because it checks the understanding of students’ during a lesson.
5.1.2. Summative- Summative assessment is an assessment of learning because it checks the understanding of all the students at the conclusion of a lesson.
5.2. Performance-based- Performance-based assessment is an assessment of learning because it tells the teacher how well the students have understood the lesson and if they have mastered it enough to apply those skills elsewhere.
5.2.1. High stakes- High stakes assessment is an assessment of learning because it tests the knowledge of the students.
5.2.2. Portfolio- Portfolio assessment is an assessment of learning because at the end it shows the student’s complete work and how he/she has progressed throughout the year.
5.3. Authentic- Authentic assessment is an assessment of learning because it tests how well students understand a concept.
5.3.1. Self Assessment- This assessment could be both for learning and of learning depending on when the student does the self assessment. For example, if a self assessment is done at the beginning of a lesson, then it will be for learning, and if it is done afterwards, then it will be of learning.
5.3.2. Peer Assessment- This assessment of learning because the student that is checking the assessment is checking if the other student understood the lesson or not.
6. Websites Used
6.1. Diagnostic- http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/assessment/formative.html
6.1.1. Formative- http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/assessment/formative.html
6.1.2. Summative- http://edglossary.org/summative-assessment/
6.2. Performance-based- http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/196021/chapters/What_is_Performance-Based_Learning_and_Assessment,_and_Why_is_it_Important%C2%A2.aspx
6.2.1. High stakes- http://edglossary.org/high-stakes-testing/
6.2.2. Portfolio- http://www.education.com/reference/article/portfolio-assessment/
6.3. Authentic- http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/litass/auth.html
6.3.1. Self Assessment- http://www.educationplanner.org/students/self-assessments/
6.3.2. Peer Assessment- https://www.reading.ac.uk/engageinassessment/peer-and-self-assessment/peer-assessment/eia-peer-assessment.aspx