1. Politics of Education
1.1. Conservative
1.1.1. Ronald Reagan
1.1.2. Charles Darwin
1.1.3. Free Market Economy
1.2. Progressive
1.2.1. individual potential
1.2.2. solving social issues
1.2.3. support democratic society
1.2.4. steady progress to make things better
2. History of US Education
2.1. The Emergence of the public high school
2.1.1. In 1875 fewer than 25,000 students attended public high school, but in 1940 about 6.5 million attended public high schoool
2.1.2. Purpose of secondary education
2.1.2.1. same course of study or the course of study determined by the interests and abilities of students
2.1.2.2. Prepare for college or prepare for life
2.2. Horace Mann
2.3. Democratic-Liberal School
2.3.1. equality of opportunity for all
2.3.2. rejected conservative view that education was for the meritorious
2.3.3. Ellwood Cubberly
3. Sociological Perspective
3.1. theoretical perspective
3.1.1. Conflict theories
3.1.1.1. emphasize struggle or conflict between opposing forces. Ex: students vs. teachers; teachers vs. administration, etc...
3.1.1.2. Karl Marx
3.2. three effects of schooling on individuals
3.2.1. Knowledge and Attitudes
3.2.1.1. The more education a person receives, the more likely they are to read newspapers, books, and magazines, and take part in society i.e. voting, participating in public affairs, etc...
3.2.2. Employment
3.2.2.1. Most students believe that graduating college will lead to greater employment opportunities.
3.2.3. Education and Mobility
3.2.3.1. Education as the equalizer in the status race.
4. Philosophy of Education
4.1. generic notation
4.1.1. Plato
4.1.1.1. dialectic
4.1.1.2. state should play an active role in education
4.1.2. Idealism
4.2. key researchers
4.2.1. St. Augustine
4.2.2. Rene Descartes
4.3. goal of education
4.3.1. search for truth through ideas
4.3.2. responsibility of those who find truth to relay it to others
4.4. role of teacher
4.4.1. analyze and discuss ideas with students
4.4.2. deal with abstract notions leads students to connect analysis to actions
4.5. method of instruction
4.5.1. questioning
4.5.2. analzying
4.5.3. synthesizing
4.5.4. group and individual work
4.6. curriculum
4.6.1. classics
4.6.2. back to basics approach
5. Schools as Organizations
5.1. Superintendent of Boaz City Schools
5.1.1. Mark Isley
5.2. Alabama State Senators
5.2.1. Jeff Sessions
5.2.2. Richard Shelby
5.3. Alabama's Representative fro the 4th Congressional distric
5.3.1. Robert Aderholt
5.4. Alabama State Superintendent
5.4.1. Dr. Tommy Bice (retiring soon)
5.5. Japan's Educational System
5.5.1. traditional public schools
5.5.1.1. compulsory education for 9 years
5.5.1.2. excel in every standard for the 95% of students who graduate from high school
5.5.1.3. established in 1880
5.5.2. non-formal "Juku" schoools
5.5.2.1. used for 'double schooling' because of the importance placed upon education by the Japanese culture
5.6. Alabama State School Board Representative 6th district
5.6.1. Dr. Cynthia Sanders McCarty
5.7. Boaz City School Board
5.7.1. Rick Thompson
5.7.2. Tim Whitt
5.7.3. Tony King
5.7.4. Rhonda Smith
5.7.5. Jeff Roberts
6. Curriculum & Pedagogy
6.1. Historical Curriculum Theory
6.1.1. Humanist Curriculum
6.1.1.1. The idealist philosophy that knowledge of the traditional liberal arts is the cornerstone of an educated citizenry and the purpose of education is to present students the best of what has been thought and written.
6.2. Sociological curriculum theory
6.2.1. functionalist theory
6.2.1.1. the role of schools is to integrate children into the existing social order based on consensus and agreement
7. Equality of opportunity
7.1. Educational Achievement of African Americans
7.1.1. Gap has increased since 1988
7.1.1.1. Possibly due to cocaine addiction
7.1.1.2. enter Kindergarten with lower reading and Mathematics skills than whites
7.1.2. achievement gap goes up based on parental level of education and when related to gender
7.2. Educational Attainment of African Americans
7.2.1. 84% graduate high school versus 92%of whites
7.2.2. 19.9% achieve a bachelor's degree versus 33% of whites
7.2.2.1. Female students outperform male students
7.3. Coleman Study
7.3.1. Differences between schools did not create the achievement gap in students
7.3.1.1. make-up and socio-economic status of students played a greater role in determining success
7.3.1.2. Private schools more effective than public schools because they place a greater emphasis on academics and enforce discipline
7.3.1.3. Highly debatable
7.3.1.4. two conflicting studies and results
7.3.2. James Coleman
8. Educational Inequality
8.1. Sociological explanation
8.1.1. Genetic differe ces
8.1.1.1. biological factors such as biochemical and genetic causes for human behavior
8.1.1.2. differences in intelligence caused by genetic differences researched by Arthur Jenson
8.2. school centered explanation
8.2.1. school financing
8.2.1.1. budget cuts
8.2.1.2. savage inequalities among schools in affluent and poor districts
8.2.1.3. paid primarily through property taxes, therefore affluent neighborhood schools inherently receive more funding
9. Educational Reform
9.1. School-based reform
9.1.1. school and buisiness partnerships
9.1.1.1. Schools and businesses work together to ensure that schools are growing future employees
9.1.1.1.1. Scholarships for students
9.1.1.1.2. "adopt' -a-student programs
9.1.1.1.3. Entrepreneurs such as Bill and Melinda Gates foundation
9.2. Societal, Economic, Community, and Political reforms
9.2.1. Full Service and community schools
9.2.1.1. take on the whole family
9.2.1.2. provide a myriad of services to students and to parents
9.2.1.3. Targets at-risk neighborhoods