1. Believe schools should pass on the best of what was and what is.
2. presented with less opportunity
3. Coleman study
3.1. higher expectations yield better results
4. Traditional
4.1. View schools as necessary to values of society including hard work, family unity, and individual initiative.
4.2. Traditional visions encompass the right liberal to the conservative spectrums.
5. Politics of Education
5.1. Conservative
5.1.1. Based on theories of Charles Darwin.
5.1.2. Individuals must compete to survive and dependent humans who show initiative and drive succeed.
5.1.3. Capitalism is both the most economically productive economic system and the system that is most respectful for human needs.
6. History of U.S. Education
6.1. The Rise of the Common School
6.1.1. Horace Mann of Massachusetts established the common school also known as free publicly funded elementary schools.
6.1.2. reflects both the concern for stability and order and the concern for social mobility
6.2. Conservative Perspectives
6.2.1. Diane Ravitch wrote "The Troubled Crusade".
6.2.2. Ravitch talks about moving closer to a fair and just society.
7. Sociology of Education
7.1. Functional Theories
7.1.1. Emile Durkheim embraces a functional point of view about the relation of school and society.
7.1.2. one part works with another part to make society work
7.2. Conflict Theories
7.2.1. dominant groups impose their beliefs through force, cooptation, and manipulation
7.2.2. Karl Marx is the founder of the conflict school in the sociology of education.
7.3. International Theories
7.3.1. primarily critiques and extensions of the functional and conflict perspectives
7.4. Effects of Schooling
7.4.1. knowledge and attitude: says a lot about the kind of person you are
7.4.2. employment: high school leads to greater employment opportunities
7.4.3. teacher behavior: teachers play a huge role in students learning environment
8. Philosophy of Education
8.1. Progressivism
8.1.1. GENERIC NOTIONS
8.1.1.1. developed in nineteenth century
8.1.1.2. pragmatism comes from the Greek word pragma meaning work
8.1.1.3. encourages people to find processes that work in order to achieve their desired ends
8.1.1.4. action oriented and experimentally grounded
8.1.2. KEY RESEARCHERS
8.1.2.1. George Sanders Peirce
8.1.2.2. William James
8.1.2.3. John Dewey
8.1.3. GOAL OF EDUCATION
8.1.3.1. to provide students with the knowledge of how to improve social order
8.1.4. ROLE OF TEACHER
8.1.4.1. to be the facilitator
8.1.4.2. encourages
8.1.4.3. offers suggestions
8.1.4.4. questions and helps plan and implement courses of study
8.1.5. CURRICULUM
8.1.5.1. core curriculum or integrated curriculum
8.1.5.2. work from known to unknown
8.1.5.3. child_centered based on imagination and intuition
8.1.6. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
8.1.6.1. individually and in groups
8.1.6.2. problem solving or inquiry method
8.1.6.2.1. pose questions
9. Schools as Organizations
9.1. STATE SENATORS
9.1.1. Richard Shelby
9.1.2. Jeff Sessions
9.2. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
9.2.1. general norms
9.2.2. Bradley Byrne
9.2.3. Martha Roby
9.2.4. Mike Rogers
9.2.5. Robert Aderholt
9.2.6. Mo Brooks
9.2.7. Terri Swell
9.3. STATE SUPERINTENDENT
9.3.1. Tommy Bice
9.4. REPRESENTATIVE OF STATE BOARD
9.4.1. Robert J. Bentley
9.5. LOCAL SUPERINTENDENT
9.5.1. Dr. Paul Wilson
9.6. LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD
9.6.1. Mr. Randy Sparkman
9.6.2. Dr. James Joy
9.6.3. Mr. Mike Swafford
9.6.4. Mrs. Venita Jones
9.6.5. Mrs. Jennifer Sittason
10. Curriculum and Pedagogy
10.1. Developmentalist Curriculum
10.1.1. student centered
10.1.2. Dewey
10.1.3. Piaget
10.1.4. teacher acts as a facilitator for students
10.2. Functionalist
10.2.1. values to modern society
10.2.2. social stability
10.3. Emile Durkheim
11. Equality of Opportunity
11.1. Gary Palmer
11.2. Middle/Upper Class
11.2.1. Achievement Gap
11.2.1.1. ultimately determined by parents income
11.2.2. Represented by the schools
11.3. Attainment Gap
11.3.1. college graduates
11.3.2. presented with more opportunity
11.4. Race inequality
11.4.1. represented mainly by minorities
12. Educational Inequality
12.1. School centered
12.1.1. School funding
12.1.1.1. comes from local, state, and federal sources
12.1.1.1.1. majority comes from local property tax and state taxes
12.1.2. Jonathan Kozol
12.1.2.1. documented funding differences between public schools in affluent suburbs and public schools in poor inner cities
12.2. Sociological
12.2.1. functionalist
12.2.1.1. hard work
12.2.1.2. desire
12.2.2. interactionist
12.2.2.1. family
12.2.2.2. environment
12.2.2.3. social class
13. Educational Reform
13.1. School based reform
13.1.1. charter schools
13.1.2. tuition vouchers
13.2. Federal involvement
13.2.1. No Child Left Behind
13.3. Teacher quality
13.3.1. instructional effectiveness
13.3.2. lifelong learner