1. president of Colombia 1886-1887
1.1. authorized constitution 1886
1.2. created Republic of Colombia
1.2.1. later became the United States of Colombia
1.3. focused on:
1.3.1. construction and expansion of railways
2. 1. José María Campo Serrano
2.1. president of Colombia 1886-1887
2.1.1. authorized constitution 1886
2.1.2. created Republic of Colombia
2.1.2.1. later became the United States of Colombia
2.1.3. focused on:
2.1.3.1. construction of railways
3. 2. Eliseo Páyan
3.1. president of Colombia 1887
3.1.1. became president in the absence of Rafael Nuñez
3.1.2. achievements:
3.1.2.1. freedom of speech
4. 3. Rafael Núñez
4.1. first time he ran for president, he lost
4.1.1. elected for president from 1880-1882
4.1.1.1. re-elected in 1884 with the help of the conservative party
4.1.1.1.1. re-elected again in 1886
4.2. achievements:
4.2.1. constitutional reform of 1886
5. 11. José Vicente Concha
5.1. president of Colombia 1914-1918
5.1.1. maintained the country neutral during WWI
5.1.2. ruled during a peaceful and prosperous time
5.1.3. opposed to the Urrutia-Thompson treaty
5.1.4. ended limits conflict with Ecuador
6. 12. Marco Fidel Suárez
6.1. president of Colombia 1918-1922
6.1.1. created the "North Star" policy
6.1.1.1. connected the Colombian foreign policy with the one of the United States
6.1.2. enemies
6.1.2.1. conservative opponents
6.1.2.1.1. Laureano Gómez
6.1.3. income tax legislation
7. 13. Pedro Nel Ospina
7.1. president of Colombia 1922-1926
7.1.1. created different departments
7.1.1.1. health
7.1.1.2. treasury
7.1.1.3. education
7.1.2. created the Central Bank
7.1.3. created the Bogotá stock exchaange
7.1.4. used compensation money from Panamá
7.1.4.1. modernize Colombia
7.1.4.2. industrialize Colombia
8. 14. Miguel Abadía Méndez
8.1. president of Colombia 1926- 1930
8.1.1. last president of the Conservative Hegemony
8.1.1.1. ran unopposed
8.1.1.2. formed a one party cabinet
8.1.2. ended limits conflicts with Perú and Brasil
9. 4. Carlos Holguín Mallarino
9.1. president of Colombia 1888-1892
9.1.1. became president in the absence of Rafael Núñez
9.1.2. focused on
9.1.2.1. restoration and improvement of
9.1.2.1.1. highways
9.1.2.1.2. railways
9.1.2.1.3. shipyards
9.1.2.1.4. sea ports
9.1.3. achievements
9.1.3.1. created the "Polícia Nacional"
10. 5. Miguel Antonio Caro
10.1. president of Colombia 1892-1898
10.1.1. used the title "Vice President of Colombia"
10.1.1.1. in charge of the executive office
10.1.2. looked up to Rafael Núñez
10.1.2.1. his mentor
11. 7. José Manuel Marroquin
11.1. president of Colombia 1900-1904
11.1.1. tried to end the civil war
11.1.1.1. offering the liberals a truce in June 12, 1902
11.1.2. Panama separated from Colombia
11.1.2.1. dictatorship of Rafael Reyes
11.1.3. the reform of education was approved
11.1.3.1. dividing
11.1.3.1.1. elementary
11.1.3.1.2. middle school
11.1.3.1.3. high school
12. 8. Rafael Reyes
12.1. president of Colombia 1904-1909
12.1.1. support of the conservative party
12.1.1.1. governed a dictatorship regime called "Quinquenio de Reyes"
12.1.2. created protectionist policies
12.1.2.1. economic measures
12.1.2.1.1. try to restore and fix the economic crisis caused by the 1000 days war
13. 9. Ramón González Valencia
13.1. president of Colombia 1909-1910
13.1.1. was a participant of the first constitutional reform that included
13.1.1.1. liberal contributions
13.1.1.2. 4 year presidential term instead of 6
13.1.1.3. president was elected by the public's vote instead of the congress
13.1.1.4. death penalty eas abolished
13.1.2. became an ambassador in Venezuela after presidency
14. 10. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo
14.1. president of Colombia 1910-1914
14.1.1. he worked towards political reconciliation
14.1.1.1. conservative
14.1.1.2. liberals
14.1.2. served as Minister of Government
14.1.3. policies
14.1.3.1. appointed members of the liberal party to his cabinet
14.1.3.2. abolition Capital Punishment
14.1.3.3. annual meeting of the congress
14.1.3.4. reformed the Colombian National Police
14.1.3.4.1. introduced fingerprinting system
15. 6. Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
15.1. president of Colombia 1989-1900
15.1.1. conservative leader
15.1.2. dealt with:
15.1.2.1. hard days of the 1000 days war
15.1.2.2. civil war that started with the states of Bolivar, Santander & Cauca