1. Politics of Education
1.1. Conservative
1.1.1. Free Market
1.1.2. Individual Initiuative
1.1.3. Most Respectful of Human Needs
1.1.4. William Graham Sumner
1.1.5. Adam Smith
1.1.6. Milton Friedman
1.1.7. Ronald Reagan
1.2. Traditional
1.2.1. traditional values
1.2.2. hard work
1.2.3. individual initiative
1.2.4. family unity
1.2.5. right liberal to conservative
2. History of US Education
2.1. The Standards Era 1980s-2012
2.1.1. A Nation at Risk
2.1.2. Terrell Bell
2.1.3. Goals for Equity
2.1.4. Restore Standards and Curriculum
2.2. Conservative Perspectives
2.2.1. Diane Ravitch
2.2.2. E.D. Hirsch, Jr.
2.2.3. Equality of Opportunity
2.2.4. Social and Political objectives harm academic goals.
3. Sociological Perspectives
3.1. Interactional Theory
3.1.1. Extension/Critique of Functional and Conflict Theories
3.1.2. Microsociological
3.1.3. Evaluates what schools are like on everyday level.
3.1.4. Basil Bernstein
3.2. Three Effects of Schooling
3.2.1. Teacher Behavior
3.2.2. Employment
3.2.3. Knowledge and Attitudes
4. Philosophy of Education
4.1. Pragmatism/Progressivism
4.2. Key Researchers
4.2.1. John Dewey
4.2.2. William James
4.2.3. George Sanders Pierce
4.2.4. John Locke
4.2.5. Frances Bacon
4.2.6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4.3. Goal of Education
4.3.1. Growth
4.3.2. Prepare for Democratic Society
4.3.3. Social Order
4.4. Role of Teacher
4.4.1. Facilitator
4.4.2. Encourager
4.4.3. Ask Questions
4.4.4. Suggestions
4.4.5. Curriculum
4.5. Method of Instruction
4.5.1. Large Groups
4.5.2. Small Groups
4.5.3. Individual
4.5.4. Problem Solving
4.5.5. Teacher Scaffolding
4.6. Curriculum
4.6.1. Student Centered
4.6.2. Integrated
4.6.3. Evolving
5. Schools as Organizations
5.1. Senators
5.1.1. Richard Shelby
5.1.2. Jeff Sessions
5.2. United State Representative, Alabama, District 5
5.2.1. Mo Brooks
5.3. State Superintendent
5.3.1. Thomas R. Bice
5.4. State Schoolboard Representives for Limestone County
5.4.1. Cynthia Sanders McCarty, District 6
5.4.2. Jeffery Newman, District 7
5.4.3. Mary Scott Hunter, District 8
5.5. Local Superintendent
5.5.1. Dr. Tom Sisk
5.6. Local School Board Members
5.6.1. Charles Shoulders, Jr., District 1
5.6.2. Bret McGill, District 2
5.6.3. Marty R. Adams, District 3
5.6.4. Edward Winter, District 4
5.6.5. Bradley Young, District 5
5.6.6. Anthony Hilliard, District 6
5.6.7. Earl Glaze, District 7
5.7. Education in Great Britain compared to the US
5.7.1. Great Britain
5.7.1.1. Highly Centralized national curriculum
5.7.1.2. more exclusive
5.7.1.3. more stratified (although trying to change that)
5.7.2. US
5.7.2.1. Decentralized national curriculum (However, most states have adopted the same Common Core curriculum)
5.7.2.2. more inclusive
5.7.2.3. typically not stratified
6. Curriculum and Pedagogy
6.1. One Historical Curriculum that I would Advocate
6.1.1. Humanist Curriculum
6.1.1.1. Traditional
6.1.1.2. Liberal Arts
6.1.1.2.1. English
6.1.1.2.2. Foreign Language
6.1.1.2.3. Math
6.1.1.2.4. History
6.1.1.2.5. Science
6.1.1.3. Western Heritage
6.2. One Sociological Curriculum I would Advocate
6.2.1. The Developmentalist Curriculum
6.2.1.1. Progressive
6.2.1.2. Child-Centered
6.2.1.3. flexible
6.2.1.4. Teacher as Facilitator
6.2.1.5. Dewey
6.2.1.6. Piaget
7. Equality of Opportunity
7.1. Achievement and Attainment for African Americans in Education
7.1.1. Achievement
7.1.1.1. 1973-1988 Achievement gap narrowed
7.1.1.2. 1988-1999 Achievement gap increased
7.1.1.3. 1999-2009 Remained Steady
7.1.2. Attainment
7.1.2.1. 88.8 percent of African Americans graduated from high school and 19.9 percent received a bachelor's degree
7.1.3. Coleman Study Response
7.1.3.1. "Socioeconomic and racial composition of school has a greater effect on student than an individual's race or class."
8. Educational Inequality
8.1. Sociological Explanation for Inequality
8.1.1. Interactionist Theory
8.1.1.1. "One must understand how people within institutions such as families and schools interact on a daily basis in order to comprehend the factors explaining academic success and failure."
8.2. School-centered Explanation for Inequality
8.2.1. Within-school differences more significant
8.2.2. Differences between schools does not explain performance gap.
8.2.3. Schools may not be most important factor.
8.2.4. More resources for schools did not fix problems.
9. Educational Reform
9.1. School Based Reform
9.1.1. Teacher Quality
9.1.1.1. One in five secondary classes are taught by teachers not trained in that particular subject.
9.1.1.2. This rate is even higher in urban schools.
9.1.1.3. High turnover rates in urban schools due to organizational problems.
9.1.1.4. Programs aimed at staffing urban schools fail to help with organizational problems within the schools.
9.1.1.5. New programs are being created to address some of these issues.
9.2. Societal, Community, Economic, or Political Reform
9.2.1. Harlem's Children Zone
9.2.1.1. Community Program in Harlem created by Geoffrey Canada
9.2.1.2. Educating children in their neighborhood with high-quality programs.
9.2.1.3. Changing the Neighborhood or positively "contaminating" Harlem
9.2.1.4. Programs for Parents
9.2.1.5. Tutoring for at-risk students