1. We see a transition from Socrates and Plato to Aristotle.Aristotle is focusing more on the human. He is realistic.
1.1. From this transition from Plato to Aristotle, we can also see the transitions in art when we look at the art of the late classical age. In the late classical age, we see a transition from the Diskobolos(perhaps an imitation of the World of Being?) to the Doryphoros, which is realistic and more humanlike. The Doryphoros is not complete perfection, it is flawed in proportions. The diskobolos is perfect.
1.1.1. In the Doryphoros, we see that it is perfectly conforms to phi (the golden ratio). We see the use of math and logic when creating the Doryphoros. The pose of the statue is of a man thinking, looking outward. We see this as a mean of reason.
1.1.2. Since the Doryphoros is not perfect, it is flawed we are presented with some of Aristotle's ideas on art and literature. In "Poetics", Aristotle states that in order for art or literature to be helpful for a society(to balance one's emotions) it is necessary to create art and literature that the common people can relate to. They must be the authentic and accurate imitation of the human condition, so we can feel pity and fear for the tragic hero of the play. The character must be an intermediate kind of personage so we can relate to them and feel catharsis. Once we achieve catharsis, the cleansing of emotions, we are more balanced and so is the society. We see in the Doryphoros the relation between that statue and humans. All of us are flawed like him and we all use reason to think. None of us are human, it is only with such statues that we can properly achieve catharsis which is essential for a society.
1.1.2.1. New node
1.1.3. Plato and Aristotle also emphasized the importance of reason in an individual. Aristotle believed reason was a virtue but it was not something one could be born with. Reason is a habit that must be formed at an early age. We see this virtue evident in Leonidas, the leader of the Persian War. He used reason to buy more time for Athens and he was able to use a double agent to his advantage. Reason was a virtue when Plato was trying to destroy democracy and create a Republic. He believed that a society should only be governed by philosophers, the reasonable and wise people of a society.Power should not be given to uneducated and unreasonable people. We also see reason as being virtuous before that in the Archaic Age, where people rose to fight for their power by using reason.