1. Sociology of Education
1.1. Relation between School and Society
1.1.1. 1. School and society go hand in hand because schools are shaping children's minds from day one about society. An example would be a child learning to say the pledge early on, and teaching the child about liberty and freedom.
1.1.2. 2. Schools shape children's views of society often unwillingly. Often stereotypes are given in a classroom and students pick up on these stereotypes without even realizing it.
1.1.3. 3. Schools play a huge role in determining and predicting who will stay ahead in life, and who will not according to socialization.
1.2. Effects of Schooling on Individuals
1.2.1. 1. Knowledge and attitudes- It is believed now that differences in schooling can make a difference in a student's achievement. Statistics showed that schools with more resources produced better student achievement overall.
1.2.2. 2. Employment- Many students believe that education and furthering that education leads to better employment, which is fact.
1.2.3. 3. Education and Mobility- The debate is that depending on where you go to school can impact your mobility. For instance, a degree or diploma from a more prestigious school, or private institution may serve as an escalator make what the student look more accomplished.
2. Educational Inequality
2.1. Inequality in Schools
2.1.1. Students face problems in schools because of a variety of reasons. Poverty, race, religion can be included as the reasons in most cases.
2.1.2. Is that type of inequality intentional or unintentional? I believe for the majority, it is unintentional. However, regardless it is important to strive to treat every student the same.
2.1.3. The halting of making assumptions about a student due to stereotypes is key in being an efficient teacher.
2.2. Cultural Difference Theory
2.2.1. Working class and students that are of a different race and religion may face oppression.
2.2.2. The minority receiving bad and unfair treatment in the classroom.
2.2.3. Eliminating the stereotypes and making sure every student feels like they belong.
3. Schools as Organizations
3.1. Government
3.1.1. Federal-uses little money toward education and and has little authority.
3.1.2. The state maintains safety codes and skills for teaching and provides more funding for education.
3.1.3. Majority of the funding for education is by taxpayers and the mandates are carried out by citizens of a district.
3.2. Openess
3.2.1. Schools are responsible for making sure students have multiple opportunities for success.
3.2.2. The advanced diploma, standard diploma and other options are available to ensure student success.
3.2.3. Important to sure that each student is getting the same opportunities as any other.
4. Philosophy of Education
4.1. Progressivism Philosophy
4.1.1. 1. John Dewey had a form of pragmatism is formed around the basis of instrumentalism and experimentalism. He believed it is important to focus on the needs of the child first.
4.1.2. 2. John Dewey had the vision for a progressive education system, and a system that challenged students in a new way.
4.1.3. 3. The goal of progressive education is to prepare the students to play an active role in our democratic society and to ready them to be the most effective and efficient citizens they can possibly be.
4.1.4. 4. The role of the teacher is to be a facilitator of knowledge. The facilitator serves as a coach, an encourager and helps guide the students instead of being an authoritarian figure of the classroom.
4.1.5. 5. The method of instruction is different that that of traditionalists approaches. The methods involve interactive, hands on activities that challenges the students to solve problems on their own.
4.1.6. 6. The curriculum is a integrated curriculum. The curriculum not only focuses on math, science, reading, and basic subjects, but also offers lessons and opportunities benefiting the children in the future.
5. Curriculum and Pedagogy
5.1. Politics of Curriculum
5.1.1. Schools are required to teach state mandated material.
5.1.2. Curriculum ignores politicial and social aspects of what is being taught.
5.1.3. Why is the material being taught instead of just what is being taught and how is this benefiting our students?
5.2. Sociology of Curriculum
5.2.1. The sociology of curriculum should be based around needs of society and traits a student must have to be self effiecient in that society.
5.2.2. The humanist curriculum is what I would love to implement as it reflects the absolute best to the students.
5.2.3. The sociology of education and the goal of education should be on why we teach certain material. Preparing students to be active members of society is the main goal.
6. History of Education
6.1. Opposition to Public Education
6.1.1. 1. Horace Mann envisioned the idea of public school or "common" school, but the idea was shut down by taxpayers.
6.1.2. 2. By 1860, funding and public support was on the rise for elementary schools, however any support for upper level common school was still being shut down and was not common in the United States.
6.1.3. 3. In 1862, Congress passed the Morrill Act, which authorized the funding from public money to fund the establishment of large universities across the Midwest and entire United States.
6.2. Conservative Interpretation
6.2.1. 1. In the 1980's, the criticism of conservative education was sweeping the country. Much of the criticism was political, but it did have an impact on the schooling as well.
6.2.2. 2. The argument was that U.S students knew very little and the material and teaching was mediocre. However, conservatives William Bennett and Allan Bloom pointed to failures of progressives to fulfill their social goals.
6.2.3. 3. Conservative critics, though they share different beliefs, all feel as the downfall to U.S education has been because of the watering down of the curriculum and education process.
7. Equality of Opportunity
7.1. Special Needs Students
7.1.1. Congress passed the education of all handicapped law in 1975.
7.1.2. Every student has the right and capability to learn and succeed regardless of their handicap.
7.1.3. Allowing students with special needs to learn in a general education classroom setting instead of being in a resource classroom all day. This includes making accomadations for the students in order to help them reach their full potential.
7.2. Different Social Classes
7.2.1. The popular assumption that students from wealthier families are more likely to succeed.
7.2.2. Teachers may unintentionally show more attention to students with better home lives. Perhaps they see more opportunity and likelihood of succees from that type of student.
7.2.3. It is extremely important to show each student the same attention regardless of circumstances at home. Every child has the capability to succeed and can succeed.
8. Politics of Education
8.1. Conservative Persective
8.1.1. 1. The conservative view's origins date back to 19th century Charles Darwin, but was originally developed by William sumner.
8.1.2. 2. The conservative perspective focuses on the idea that the strongest individuals survive and that the key to success is being able to adapt to changes in society.
8.1.3. 3. The conservative perspective focuses on a free market economy, and focused on individual initiative. The perspective believes that the individual is capable of earning and competing in society, and that the individual is the only one who can solve his or her problems.
8.2. Progressive Persepctive
8.2.1. 1. The progressive vision tends to put the schools as the center of solving social problems and essential to individual growth and development.
8.2.2. 2. Progressive vision can empower and benefit the individual, and this is a reason as to why it goes hand and hand with the conservative perspective of education.
8.2.3. Progressive vision tends to strive for the better. Although, the traditional vision focuses on the best of what was, progressivism is always looking for better and more efficient ways.
9. Social Reform
9.1. No Child Left Behind
9.1.1. Strives to reduce and eliminate the achievement gap between social classes.
9.1.2. Strives to ensure no student is cheated of an equal and fair education.
9.1.3. Aims to eliminate minority and the gap between student success.
9.2. Race to the Top
9.2.1. Many states adopted the common core standards.
9.2.2. Also tried to reduce the achievement gap.
9.2.3. Grants aid states to meet mandates across the board.