The Freedome of Information Act, or the FOIA, was enacted by Congress to allow the public access to documents in the possession of federal agencies.

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There are exemptions, however, and the following documents do not fall within the Act:

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1. Those classified to be in the interest of national security;

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2. Those that, if disclosed, would interfere with law enforcement operations;

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3. Those statutorily prohibited from disclosure;

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4. Those that describe personnel practices;

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5. Intra-and-Interagency memorandums;

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6. Medical, personnel, and similar files;

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7. Those that contain trade secrets, confidential, or privileged materials;

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8. Those that pertain to operation of financial institutions; and

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9. Geological and geophysical data and maps.

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The Act also requires agencies to publish their procedures, rules, regulations, interpretations, and other information in the Federal Register.

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There is a limited time frame within which the agency must respond to a FOIA request and limits on copying charges.

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Disciplinary action may be taken against someone who violates the provisions of the FOIA. Agency decisions not to disclose information is reviewable by the U.S. District Court.

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Public Disclosure of Administrative Agency Actions