1. 3. + GERUND
1.1. VERB + OBJECT + GERUND
1.1.1. dislike hate imagine involve keep mind prevent remember risk stop
1.1.1.1. The new job involves him analysing the profits made daily.
1.1.1.2. COMMENT ON SOME OF THESE VERBS
1.1.1.2.1. prevent someone(from)doing something = impedir que algú faci alguna cosa
1.1.1.2.2. remember + -ing --> refers to memories in the past remember + to-infinitive --> refers to things you have to do in the future
1.1.1.2.3. stop + -ing --> means to finish something stop + -to-infinitve --> refers to interrupting one activity to start a different one
1.1.1.2.4. He recommended the new Spielberg movie.
2. 4. SPECIAL CASES
2.1. RECOMMEND & SUGGEST
2.1.1. + NOUN
2.1.2. + -ING
2.1.2.1. They suggested going to the cinema.
2.1.3. + THAT - CLAUSE
2.1.3.1. + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO (SUBJUNCTIVE)
2.1.3.1.1. She recommended that he not talk about it . (Notice that there is no 's' after 'he' !!!)
2.1.3.2. + SHOULD
2.1.3.2.1. She recommended that he shouldn't talk about it.
2.1.4. + COMPLEMENT + TO-INFINITIVE : ONLY RECOMMEND (NOT SUGGEST) (not so common)
2.1.4.1. He recommended me to avoid the area. (sounds a bit strange)
2.2. IF NO COMPLEMENT (otherwise these verbs are followed by infinitive)
2.2.1. -ING
2.2.1.1. recommend advise allow encourage
2.2.1.1.1. The teacher advises studying in the morning.
3. BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU PUT A COMPLEMENT BETWEEN THE TWO VERBS ? SEE BELOW .
4. Note : the verbs with an asterisk* can also be used with object + that clause
5. 1. + INFINITIVE
5.1. INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
5.1.1. ALWAYS WITHOUT TO
5.1.1.1. MODALS
5.1.1.1.1. can could may might should must
5.1.1.1.2. EXCEPTION : ought to dare (to)
5.1.1.2. LET
5.1.1.2.1. He let the butterfly go.
5.1.1.3. MAKE
5.1.1.3.1. She made me cry.
5.1.1.3.2. except in passive voice
5.1.1.4. VERBS OF SENSES & NOTICING (referring to a single action)
5.1.1.4.1. VERBS OF SENSES
5.1.1.4.2. VERBS OF NOTICING
5.1.2. OPTIONAL WITHOUT TO
5.1.2.1. HELP
5.1.2.1.1. She helped him to get up. OR She helped him get up.
5.1.2.2. DARE
5.1.2.2.1. He didn't dare to say what he thought. OR He didn't dare say what he thought.
5.2. INFINITIVE WITH 'TO'
5.2.1. VERBS OF INFLUENCING (you try to make somebody do something)
5.2.1.1. VERB + OBJECT + (NOT) TO-INFINITIVE
5.2.1.1.1. ASK
5.2.1.1.2. URGENT / MUST DO
5.2.1.1.3. PERSUADE
5.2.1.1.4. FACILITATE
5.2.1.1.5. OTHERS
6. 2.+ OBJECT + THAT +CLAUSE
6.1. VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE VERBS THAT CAN ALSO BE USED WITH THAT-CLAUSE
6.1.1. advise persuade remind teach tell warn
6.1.1.1. + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO (SUBJUNCTIVE)
6.1.1.1.1. He advises that she stay in bed. (notice no 's' after 'she' !!!)
6.1.1.2. + SHOULD
6.1.1.2.1. He advised us that we should be careful . (also : He advised us to be careful)
7. INTRODUCTION
7.1. USES OF GERUND Click on image to make bigger
7.1.1. USES OF INFINITIVE Click on image to make bigger