1. a good place to start for CPD in my workplace
2. need to ask
2.1. Where are my students going?
2.2. How are my students doing now?
2.3. Where do my students need to go next?
3. feedback is an AfL strategy to point out gaps in students' understanding and then give directions to go forward
3.1. needs
3.1.1. a safe environment where students and teacher trust each other
3.1.1.1. determines
3.1.1.1.1. whether students accept the feedback
3.1.1.2. Do I encourage discourse and questioning in my classes
3.2. criteria of effective feedback (Havnes et al, 2012; Sadler, 1989; van Diggelen et al, 2013; Wiliam, 2011)
3.2.1. do I use all of these criteria when I give feedback to students?
3.2.1.1. PREVENT (van Diggelen, 2013; Wiliam, 2011)
3.2.1.1.1. superficial feedback
3.2.1.1.2. being too nice
3.2.1.1.3. only praising
3.2.1.1.4. being too critical
3.2.2. precise
3.2.3. constructive
3.2.4. concise
3.2.5. concrete
3.2.6. kind
3.2.7. informative
3.2.8. specific
3.2.9. strategic
3.2.10. authentic
3.2.10.1. criteria are given via
3.2.10.1.1. examples
3.2.10.1.2. observation
3.2.10.1.3. prior knowledge
3.2.10.1.4. personal experience
4. effective feedback leads to
4.1. a way to measure if the feedback is meaningful and motivating
4.2. improved performance
4.3. improved learning (and teaching) outcomes
4.3.1. the ultimate goal
5. (Hattie & Timperley, 2007)
6. "Knowing where students stand on a day-to-day basis enables teachers to determine where they are in relation to where they should, so that they can provide the appropriate scaffolding to move their students forward in the learning" (Ruiz-Primo, 2011: 23).
7. Students should ask these questions for themselves (Hattie & Timperley, 2007; Sadler, 1998; Wiliam, 2011)
7.1. which leads to
7.1.1. self-regulation
8. is
8.1. related to learning aims (Hattie & Timperley, 2007; Ofsted, 2008; Sadler, 1989; Wiliam, 2011)
8.1.1. Questions to ask about the learning aims
8.1.2. Did I go over the learning aims at the beginning and end of class by clarifying and questioning to encourage discussion?
8.1.3. Are the aims in the language that my students can understand (level appropriate)?
8.1.4. Did I remind students about the learning aims during the class?