1. Specific Learning Disability
1.1. A disorder related to processing information
1.2. Difficulty in reading, writing and computing
1.3. Accommodating students
1.3.1. Record lecture to allow students with LD to replay content
1.3.2. Provide an outline, highlight learning objective
1.3.3. Assignment modification with fewer questions
1.3.4. Provide extra time for assignments and tests
1.4. Case study: Ellie, 11 year old girl
1.4.1. Cognitive deficit caused slower processing time, LD in areas of recognizing words and reading fluently, need help in reading-comprehension techniques; also display Attention deficit disorder (ADD)
1.5. Case study: Sam, 7 year old boy
1.5.1. Primary disability- Specific Learning Disability, secondary disability- other health impairment, epilepsy
1.5.2. Attended private school, received support from inclusion program and teacher
1.5.3. Discontinued his medication for epilepsy, built confidence to interact with others
2. Introduction to Special Education
3. Speech or language impairment
3.1. Difficulty to accurately producing sounds of language
3.1.1. Define actions as necessary
3.2. In other words, individuals with CD can't meaningfully communicate using language
3.3. Accommodating students
3.3.1. Simplify instructions, use simple and easy words both verbally and in written forms
3.3.2. Use visuals and allow laptops in-class
4. Emotional disturbance
4.1. Significant problems in social-emotional areas
4.2. Negatively affecting learning
4.3. Accommodating students
4.3.1. Stand close to the student, make frequent eye contact
4.3.2. Have shorter quizzes or assignments in-class
4.3.3. Use a combination of visuals, text, video presentation to engage students
5. Intellectual disability
5.1. Occur in range of severity
5.2. Significant limitation in intellectual ability and adaptive behavior
5.3. Accommodating students with intellectual disability
5.3.1. Pay attention to student's needs more closely
5.3.2. Stick to routine, talk slowly and clearly
5.4. Case study: Jeanette and Nicole have intellectual disability, paraprofessional helped them in selected classes.
6. Orthopedic impairment
6.1. Significant impairment in ability to move or complete motor activities
6.2. Accommodating students
6.2.1. Plan activities that include writing
6.2.2. Check classroom setting
7. Traumatic Brain Injury
7.1. Impact of disability affect these areas
7.1.1. Learning
7.1.2. Behavior
7.1.3. Social skills
7.1.4. Language
7.2. Accommodating students
7.2.1. Communicate with tutor, specialist and parent to align learning objective
7.2.2. Use tools and equipment to aid learning
8. Sources:
8.1. IDEA disability categories
8.2. Types of learning disabilities and symptoms
9. Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
9.1. Extraordinary difficulty in social responsiveness
9.2. Occur in different forms
9.2.1. mild
9.2.2. significant
9.3. Accommodating autistic students
9.3.1. Provide short and simple instructions
9.3.2. Stick to the routine, classroom management
9.3.3. Use a variety of ways to present information
9.4. Case study: Anderson, 3 year old boy
9.4.1. delayed communication development, consistent communication system called Picture Exchange Communication System developed for school and home, visual schedule and recording events from school
10. Deafness
10.1. A child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing
10.2. Negatively affecting school performance
10.3. Accommodating students
10.3.1. Allow the use of assistive listening device
10.3.2. Use visual and written forms of communication
11. Deaf-blindness
11.1. Causes communication, developmental and educational difficulties
11.2. Accommodating students
11.2.1. Simpler assignment
11.2.2. Use gestures
12. Multiple disabilities
12.1. Example: mental retardation and physical disabilities
12.2. Accommodating students with multiple disabilities
12.2.1. Ask a peer to share notes
12.2.2. Use assistive technology
13. Developmental delay
13.1. Alternative to specific disability label
13.2. Identifying students up to age 9 needing special education
13.3. Accommodating students
13.3.1. Communicate frequently with student regarding learning expectation and outcome
13.3.2. Give clear instruction for assignments both verbally and in written form
14. Hearing impairment
14.1. Adversely affects child's school performance
14.2. Accommodating students
14.2.1. Allow the use of assistive listening device
14.2.2. Break down assignment in steps
14.2.3. Use visuals and texts
15. Other health impairment
15.1. Examples: Sickle cell anemia, diabetes, cancer
15.2. Accommodating students with other health impairment
15.2.1. Allow students to make up for class
15.2.2. Communicate with student via email
15.3. Case study:
16. Visual impairment
16.1. Including blindness
16.2. Accommodating students
16.2.1. Use of kinesthetic learning methods
16.2.2. Repeat instruction slowly and allow assistive technology enabling sounds