1. usually have chlorophyll
2. Most primitive
3. Acellular forms
4. Protoplasmic grade of organisation
5. Cosmopolitan- found everywhere
5.1. free living
5.2. parasitic
5.3. fresh water
5.4. Marine
6. solitary or colonial
7. uninucleate
8. plasmalemma/ plasma membrane
9. some have pellicle or shell
10. nutrition
10.1. Holozoic
10.1.1. ingesting food like amoeba
10.1.1.1. bacteria
10.1.1.2. algae
10.1.1.3. other protozoans
10.1.2. Also called Phagotropy
10.1.2.1. Phagocytosis
10.1.2.1.1. cell eating
10.1.2.2. Pinocytsis
10.1.2.2.1. cell drinking
10.1.3. Paranema
10.1.3.1. feeds on protozoans and other bacteria
10.1.3.2. Rods protrude to capture prey and push it into the cytostome. Prey is swiftly swallowed as a whole. Sometimes prey is pierced and the cell content is sucked in.
10.2. aborbs the fluid
10.3. Saprozoic
10.3.1. decaying dead matter
10.3.1.1. no feeding apparatus
10.3.1.2. osmotrophy
10.3.1.2.1. absorb amino acids and carbohydrates
10.3.1.2.2. osmosis
10.3.2. example
10.3.2.1. chilomonas
10.3.2.1.1. mastigamoeba
10.4. Holophytic
10.4.1. autotrophic
10.4.1.1. paramylum bodies
10.4.1.1.1. stored starch
10.4.1.1.2. reserve food material
10.4.2. example
10.4.2.1. euglena
10.4.2.2. volvox
10.5. Parasitic
10.5.1. example
10.5.1.1. In humans
10.5.1.1.1. Trypanosoma
10.5.1.1.2. plasmodium
10.5.1.2. In earthworm
10.5.1.2.1. monocystis
10.6. Mixotropic
10.6.1. many forms of nutrition
10.6.2. Example
10.6.2.1. euglena
10.6.2.1.1. becomes saprozoic in absence of light
10.6.3. Move from autotrophic to holozoic
10.6.3.1. when vitamins required
10.6.3.1.1. vit B12
10.6.4. Commensalism
10.6.4.1. algae and paramecium
10.6.4.1.1. Zoochlorellae + P.bursaria
10.6.4.1.2. algae get CO and water
10.6.4.1.3. paramecium gets nourishment
11. Digestion
11.1. intracellular
12. respiration
12.1. diffusion
13. Contractile vacuoles
13.1. in fresh water forms only
13.2. help in osmoregulation
13.3. absent in marine forms and parasites- why ?
14. Locomotion
14.1. cilia
14.2. flagella
14.3. pseudopodia
15. Reproduction
15.1. asexual
15.1.1. binary fission
15.1.2. multiple fission
15.1.3. budding
15.2. sexual
15.2.1. conjugation
15.2.2. syngamy
15.2.3. cyst formation
15.2.3.1. parasitic
15.2.3.2. freshwater
16. New Topic
17. Classes
17.1. Mastigophora or flagellata
17.1.1. definite shape
17.1.2. bound by pellicle
17.1.3. Example
17.1.3.1. euglena
17.1.3.2. noctiluca
17.1.3.3. trypanosoma
17.1.4. holophytic, parasitic or holozoic
17.1.4.1. tentacle or flagella is adhesive
17.2. Ciliata
17.2.1. Holozoic
17.2.1.1. Cilia help in directing food into cytostome
17.2.1.1.1. undulating membrane
17.2.1.1.2. fusion of longitudinal rows
17.2.2. example
17.2.2.1. vorticella
17.2.2.2. paramecium
17.2.2.2.1. doesnt feed while moving
17.2.2.3. balantidum
17.3. Sporozoa
17.3.1. EXCEPTION
17.3.1.1. parasitic forms
17.3.1.2. no locomotary organs
17.3.1.3. asexual
17.3.1.3.1. multiple fission
17.3.1.3.2. spore formation
17.3.1.4. sexual
17.3.1.4.1. syngamy
17.3.1.5. example
17.3.1.5.1. monocystis
17.3.1.5.2. plasmodium
17.4. Rhizopoda or Sacordina
17.4.1. no definite shape
17.4.2. some have a shell
17.4.3. holozoic or parasitic
17.4.4. Example
17.4.4.1. amoeba
17.4.4.2. entamoeba
17.4.4.3. elphidium