1. Most primitive
2. Acellular forms
3. solitary or colonial
4. Contractile vacuoles
4.1. in fresh water forms only
4.2. help in osmoregulation
4.3. absent in marine forms and parasites- why ?
5. Locomotion
5.1. cilia
5.2. flagella
5.3. pseudopodia
6. Reproduction
6.1. asexual
6.1.1. binary fission
6.1.2. multiple fission
6.1.3. budding
6.2. sexual
6.2.1. conjugation
6.2.2. syngamy
6.2.3. cyst formation
6.2.3.1. parasitic
6.2.3.2. freshwater
7. New Topic
8. Classes
8.1. Mastigophora or flagellata
8.1.1. definite shape
8.1.2. bound by pellicle
8.1.3. Example
8.1.3.1. euglena
8.1.3.2. noctiluca
8.1.3.3. trypanosoma
8.1.4. holophytic, parasitic or holozoic
8.1.4.1. tentacle or flagella is adhesive
8.2. Ciliata
8.2.1. Holozoic
8.2.1.1. Cilia help in directing food into cytostome
8.2.1.1.1. undulating membrane
8.2.1.1.2. fusion of longitudinal rows
8.2.2. example
8.2.2.1. vorticella
8.2.2.2. paramecium
8.2.2.2.1. doesnt feed while moving
8.2.2.3. balantidum
8.3. Sporozoa
8.3.1. EXCEPTION
8.3.1.1. parasitic forms
8.3.1.2. no locomotary organs
8.3.1.3. asexual
8.3.1.3.1. multiple fission
8.3.1.3.2. spore formation
8.3.1.4. sexual
8.3.1.4.1. syngamy
8.3.1.5. example
8.3.1.5.1. monocystis
8.3.1.5.2. plasmodium
8.4. Rhizopoda or Sacordina
8.4.1. no definite shape
8.4.2. some have a shell
8.4.3. holozoic or parasitic
8.4.4. Example
8.4.4.1. amoeba
8.4.4.2. entamoeba
8.4.4.3. elphidium
9. usually have chlorophyll
10. Protoplasmic grade of organisation
11. Cosmopolitan- found everywhere
11.1. free living
11.2. parasitic
11.3. fresh water
11.4. Marine
12. uninucleate
13. plasmalemma/ plasma membrane
14. some have pellicle or shell
15. nutrition
15.1. Holozoic
15.1.1. ingesting food like amoeba
15.1.1.1. bacteria
15.1.1.2. algae
15.1.1.3. other protozoans
15.1.2. Also called Phagotropy
15.1.2.1. Phagocytosis
15.1.2.1.1. cell eating
15.1.2.2. Pinocytsis
15.1.2.2.1. cell drinking
15.1.3. Paranema
15.1.3.1. feeds on protozoans and other bacteria
15.1.3.2. Rods protrude to capture prey and push it into the cytostome. Prey is swiftly swallowed as a whole. Sometimes prey is pierced and the cell content is sucked in.
15.2. aborbs the fluid
15.3. Saprozoic
15.3.1. decaying dead matter
15.3.1.1. no feeding apparatus
15.3.1.2. osmotrophy
15.3.1.2.1. absorb amino acids and carbohydrates
15.3.1.2.2. osmosis
15.3.2. example
15.3.2.1. chilomonas
15.3.2.1.1. mastigamoeba
15.4. Holophytic
15.4.1. autotrophic
15.4.1.1. paramylum bodies
15.4.1.1.1. stored starch
15.4.1.1.2. reserve food material
15.4.2. example
15.4.2.1. euglena
15.4.2.2. volvox
15.5. Parasitic
15.5.1. example
15.5.1.1. In humans
15.5.1.1.1. Trypanosoma
15.5.1.1.2. plasmodium
15.5.1.2. In earthworm
15.5.1.2.1. monocystis
15.6. Mixotropic
15.6.1. many forms of nutrition
15.6.2. Example
15.6.2.1. euglena
15.6.2.1.1. becomes saprozoic in absence of light
15.6.3. Move from autotrophic to holozoic
15.6.3.1. when vitamins required
15.6.3.1.1. vit B12
15.6.4. Commensalism
15.6.4.1. algae and paramecium
15.6.4.1.1. Zoochlorellae + P.bursaria
15.6.4.1.2. algae get CO and water
15.6.4.1.3. paramecium gets nourishment