Can we improve 'Cultural Safety' in Midwifery practice?

1. Migrant

1.1. Language barriers

1.2. Social isolation

1.3. Lack of female Doctors

1.4. May have different meal requirements

2. Culture

2.1. Many different cultures in Australia

2.2. Many different languages and customes

2.3. Belief systems of the midwife

2.4. Lack of interpreter services

3. World-wide

3.1. Improving access to prenatal care

3.2. Effective communication can assist with pain and birth outcomes

3.3. Caseload midwifery models

4. Refugee

4.1. Fleeing from another country

4.2. Experienced sexual abuse,

4.3. Poor physical health

4.4. Six times more likely to die in childbirth

4.5. May have suffered female genital mutilation

5. Indigenous

5.1. Low life expectancy

5.2. Forced to leave own community for childbirth

5.3. Language barriers

5.4. Many cultural barriers