1. Schools as Organization
1.1. Each state is responsible for education
1.2. US Department of Education was created in 1970
1.3. US Dep. of Ed. has very little power
1.4. School Structure
1.4.1. Large states are heavily multiracial
1.4.2. 53.5% are white
1.4.3. Ten states have no minorities
1.4.4. Degree of Openness, open to all and very inclusive
1.4.5. Private Schools
1.4.5.1. 28.200 elementary and secondary private schools in the US
1.4.5.2. They constitute 25% of all schools and educate 10% of all students
1.5. In other countries individuals go through rigorous academic rites of passage. Separates those that can and those that cannot
1.6. Schools are a separate social organization
1.6.1. definitive populations
1.6.2. political structures
1.6.3. multitude of social groups
1.6.4. their own special culture
2. Curriculum and Pedagogy
2.1. What we teach and how we teach it.
2.1.1. Social Influences
2.1.2. Political
2.1.3. Culture
2.1.4. Special Interests
2.2. Approaches
2.2.1. Idealists-great works of mankind
2.2.2. Conservatist say to return to humanist foundation
2.2.2.1. Argue multicultural curriculum had diluted western civilization values.
2.2.2.2. Melted and lost cultural identity
2.2.3. Teach math, science, reading, history, foreign languages and emphasize influence of western civilization.
2.2.4. Approaches depend of education depend on the area.
2.2.5. "Make the person better=Make society better"
2.2.6. Social meliorists reform society through schools also known as social reconstruction
2.3. Private schools gaining popularity because they support parents beliefs
2.4. Important curriculum
2.4.1. Formal-what is cognitively
2.4.2. Informal/Hidden- taught but not obvious to sight
2.4.3. NUll- what is not taught but is learned
2.4.4. www.alex.state.al.us
2.5. Are teachers being manipulated to teach according to dominant groups?
2.6. Do students actually learn what they are taught?
2.6.1. Needs Assesment
2.6.2. Learn what they know before they can learn
2.6.3. Close the gap between when they know and need to continue to learn
2.6.4. No one student takes the same thing out of a class as another does.
2.6.5. Education depends on the maturity level of the students
3. Equality and Opportunity
3.1. Approaches to reform
3.1.1. Neo Liberal Approach
3.1.2. Societal and Community Approach
3.1.3. School choice, Charter schools, Tuition Vouchers,
3.1.4. Intersectional Choice Plans
3.1.5. Privatization of Schools
3.1.6. School to work programs
3.1.7. TEP's
3.1.7.1. More intellectual demands in educations programs
3.1.7.2. Attract and retain competent teachers
3.1.7.3. Reorganize educational academic and professional development plan
4. Education Inequality
4.1. Functionalist Explanations of Inequality
4.1.1. students' success is determined by their own hard work
4.2. Conflict Theorists
4.2.1. support the idea that students success is based on environment
4.3. Interactionists Theorists
4.3.1. success is determined by combination of factors such as family social class schools, and environment
4.4. Unequal Educational Achievement
4.4.1. Factors that influence student success
4.4.1.1. family, peers, community, culture, student
4.4.1.2. teachers, methods, school climate
4.5. Genetic Differences
4.5.1. Mental Illnesses
4.5.1.1. Autism
4.6. climate of high expectations for students by teachers and administrators
4.7. Monitoring student learning
4.8. strong effective principal leadership
4.9. Keeping students constantly engaged
5. Educational Reform
5.1. Functionalist Theorists support the idea that each students' success is determined by their desire to succeed
5.2. Conflict Theorists support the idea that success is effected by environment
5.3. Interactions Theorists support that student success is determined by combinations of family social class schools and environment
5.4. Multidimensional factors include everything that affects student success
6. Politics of Education
6.1. Perspectives
6.1.1. Conservative
6.1.2. Liberal
6.1.3. Radical
6.1.4. Neo-Liberal
6.1.4.1. Role of School
6.1.4.2. Explanations of ed performance
6.1.4.3. Education Policy
6.1.4.4. American Dream
6.2. Purposes of Schooling
6.2.1. Intellectual
6.2.1.1. math/reading/science/history
6.2.2. Social
6.2.2.1. Be better members of society?
6.2.3. Economic
6.2.3.1. PREPARE FOR OCCUPATION
6.2.3.1.1. Most schools dont do this
6.2.4. Political
6.2.4.1. proper patriotism?
6.2.5. Where Do You Stand?
6.2.5.1. YOU determine YOUR outcome
6.2.5.2. Competition is good
6.2.5.3. If your outcome is negative your input was in the negative
6.2.5.3.1. but you don't always have control
6.2.5.4. Government intervene for education equality?
6.2.5.4.1. Education needs to be equal but the job shouldn't be put solely on the government.
6.2.5.4.2. Provide housing for everyone?
6.2.5.5. Issues should be addressed at a class level/individual level
7. History of U.S. Education
7.1. Schools Responsibility
7.1.1. Meet the needs for a literate person
7.1.2. Focal point for adressing issues
7.2. Age of Reform
7.2.1. normal schools for teacher education
7.2.2. Public education was for public stability
7.3. Public Education
7.3.1. Ed for women ans slaves limited
7.3.2. Women educated for domestic purpose
7.3.3. Slaves weren't educated except for a few northern states
7.3.4. University of Iowa was the first to admit women (1856)
7.4. Urbanization
7.4.1. Cities had enormous amounts of uneducated
7.4.2. John Dewey (father of modern ed) emphasized the needs for the individual
7.4.3. Schools become focus of social issues
7.4.4. Education for All
7.4.4.1. Dilemmas
7.4.4.1.1. Tension on subjects
7.4.4.1.2. College entrance requirements
7.4.4.1.3. High School students should be prepared for life not college?
7.4.4.1.4. All Students follow the same course of study
7.4.4.1.5. Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
7.4.5. Cycles of reform
7.4.5.1. Civil Rights Act 1963
7.4.5.2. Plessy V Ferguson
7.4.5.3. Brown v Topeka Board of Education
7.4.5.4. Schools/Colleges open doors for all
8. Sociological Perspectives
8.1. School/Society
8.1.1. Students are taught the values and beliefs of the society to think and act upon them as such
8.1.2. Schools select students for educational mobility
8.1.3. Where you go to school determines your level of success?
8.2. Effects of schooling on individuals
8.2.1. The higher the social class the higher level of educational achievement
8.2.2. Differences between schools make no significant impact?
8.2.3. More education results in better jobs and opportunities
8.2.4. Not all students learn the same way
8.2.5. Teacher expectations directly influence student achievement
8.2.6. The more teachers demand from their students results in higher student self esteem
8.2.7. Educational Crisis
8.2.7.1. 1/3 of children are at risk of failing
8.2.7.2. 1/4 of preschool children live in poverty
8.2.7.3. 15 million are raised my single mothers
9. Philosophy of Education
9.1. Selecting knowledge for the classroom
9.2. Ordering their classroom
9.3. Interacting with students, peers, parents, adn administrators
9.4. Selecting values for the classroom
9.5. Education is a transformation
9.6. Role of the teacher
9.6.1. role model
9.6.2. provoke thought
9.6.3. bring out what is already in their mind
9.7. Idealism
9.7.1. Methods of instruction
9.7.1.1. Discussion
9.7.1.2. Questioning
9.7.1.3. Lecture on material not presented in text
9.7.2. Curriculum
9.7.2.1. Study the great worls
9.7.2.2. new problems have their roots in the past
9.7.2.3. study history
9.7.2.4. Great Lit., sciences, math, history. philosophy
9.7.2.5. Basic core foundation
9.8. Realism
9.8.1. the material world is real
9.8.2. the real world exists before ideas exist
9.8.3. Syllogism or a system of logical thinking
9.9. Pragtism
9.9.1. Learning through experience
9.9.2. Provide students with the knowledge to improve society
9.10. Neo-Marxism
9.10.1. a capitalist society should be economically proficient to allow citizens to live productive and decent lives
9.10.2. Education enables individuals to understand the weakness of the dominant society and purpose alternatives
9.10.3. Teachers must have a command of how the curriculum can be manipulated
9.10.4. There are always two sides to every story
10. Limits/Promises/Achievement Gaps
10.1. Needs Assessment
10.1.1. Where Skills Are---Where They Should Be
10.1.1.1. More Education on Basic Life Skills in Schools?
10.1.1.2. Life Skills
10.1.1.3. Education Skills
10.1.2. Learn to Construct Proper Assessments
10.2. Who Should Be Held Accountable?
10.2.1. Students?
10.2.2. Teachers?
10.2.3. Parents?
10.3. How Far Should Education at Home Stop and Education in School Start?
10.3.1. Teachers Passionate to Help
10.3.2. Parents Responsible to Begin Child's Learning
10.3.3. Teachers taking over a bigger job than just education
10.4. Education Crises
10.4.1. Plessy v Ferguson
10.4.1.1. Separate but equal educational facilities
10.4.2. Brown V Board of Ed
10.4.2.1. Says Plessy v Ferg was uncons.
10.5. Urban Education
10.5.1. Declining Literacy
10.5.1.1. Able to read, but not understand
10.5.1.2. No Creativity
10.5.2. Inequalities
10.5.3. Political Pressure
10.5.4. Crush Hope?
10.5.5. Money in the Wrong Places
10.5.5.1. Sports>Education
10.6. Assessment Issues
10.6.1. Teaching to the Test
10.6.2. Causes Money Loss
10.6.3. Failing School
10.7. Sociology in Education
10.7.1. Effects Only Certain Classes?
10.7.1.1. Financially, yes
10.7.1.2. Spiritually/Mentally, no