1. Theoretical Perspectives
2. Schools as Organizations
2.1. Major Stakeholders
2.1.1. State Senators
2.1.2. House of Representatives
2.1.3. State Superintendent
2.1.4. Representative on State School Board
2.1.5. Local Superintendent
2.1.6. Local School Board
2.2. Element of Change
3. History of Education
3.1. Educational Reaction and Reform and the Standards Era: 1980s-2012
3.2. Historical Interpretation of U.S.Education
4. Sociology of Education
4.1. Theoretical Perspectives
4.1.1. Functional Theroies
4.1.1.1. Emile Durkheim
4.1.2. Conflict Theories
4.1.2.1. Karl Marx
4.1.2.2. Max Weber
4.1.3. Interactional Theories
4.2. Effects of Schooling on Individuals
4.2.1. 1. Knowledge and Attitudes
4.2.2. 2. Teacher Behavior
4.2.3. 3. Inadequate Schools
4.2.4. 4. Tracking
4.2.5. 5. Gender
5. Equalality of Opportunity
5.1. Impacts of Education Outcomes
5.1.1. Class
5.1.2. Race
5.1.3. Gender
5.2. Coleman Study from 1982
5.2.1. 1.Response
5.2.2. 2. Response
6. Educational Inequality
6.1. Cultural Deprivation Theory
6.2. School-Centered Explainations
6.2.1. School Financing
6.2.2. Effective School Research
6.2.3. Between-School Differences: Curriculum and Pedagogic
6.2.4. Within School Differences: Curriculum and Ability Grouping
7. John Dewey
8. Politics of Education
8.1. Purposes of Education
8.1.1. Economic
8.1.2. Social
8.1.3. Political
8.1.4. Intellectual
8.2. Political Perspectives
8.2.1. Liberal Perspective
8.2.1.1. Definition of Educational Problems
8.2.1.2. Role of the School
8.2.1.3. Explanations of Unequal Performances
9. Philosophy of Education
9.1. Pragmatism
9.1.1. Generic Notions
9.1.2. Researchers
9.1.3. Goal of Education
9.1.4. Role of Teacher
9.1.5. Method of Instruction
9.1.6. Curriculum
10. Curriculum and Pedagogy
10.1. Curriculum Theory
10.1.1. Developmentalist Curriculum
10.2. Traditions of Teaching
10.2.1. Mimetic Tradition
10.2.2. Transformative Tradition
11. Educational Reform
11.1. School-Based Reforms
11.1.1. Privatization
11.1.2. School-Work Programs
11.2. Two Reforms
11.2.1. Full Service and Community Schools
11.2.2. Harlem Children's Zone