Scale and Conflict Types
by Kelly Tran
1. regional/ national:(cold war:) started somewhere in between 1947-1991 Fought by USSR and US The term "cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as proxy wars, supported by the two sides. the Cold War split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the Soviet Union and the United States as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences. The USSR was a Marxist–Leninist state ruled by its Communist Party and secret police, who in turn were ruled by a dictator (Stalin) or a small committee ("Politburo"). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War Citation: "Cold War." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.
2. Resource Driven/Territorial
2.1. Local:(The cost of oil, lack of political will, generally lucrative nature of natural resources resulted in a number of territorial disputes)The cost of oil, the lack of political will, and the generally lucrative nature of natural resources have resulted in a number of territorial disputes over the years. One sovereignty and jurisdictional dispute involves six nations over the Spratly Islands. The Spratly Islands dispute is aggravated by other boundary disputes among the claimants and the possibility of oil and gas deposits near the island http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-109/issue-6/exploration-development/territorial-disputes-and-natural-resources.html citation: By Completing This One-time Registration, You Will Continue to Enjoy All of the Benefits of the Oil & Gas Journal Site License. ',. "Login." To Access the Oil & Gas Journal Subscriber Premium Features. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2016.
2.2. Regional/national: (Southeast Asia) “Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam all dispute sovereignty of several island chains and nearby waters in the South China Sea -- with rival claims to the Chinese interpretation...Tensions have ratcheted up as China has reclaimed land in massive dredging operations, turning sandbars into islands equipped with airfields, ports and lighthouses”(Katie Hunt). http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/11/asia/philippines-china-south-china-sea-hague-ruling/
2.3. Global:(Conflict Over layers of thick ice, harsh weather, and logistical constraints) Another example is the territorial dispute between China, Japan, and Taiwan over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea which recently led to a serious diplomatic and political row between China and Japan. Another dispute exists between China, Taiwan, and Vietnam over the Paracel Islands. The Arctic region is now more accessible due to the Arctic melt. As a result, Arctic nations seem to be rushing to claim undeveloped unseen territory and natural resources possibly worth hundreds of billions of dollars. As the Arctic powers rush to stake their potentially lucrative claims, disputes will arise. Moreover, a large number of new disputes are likely to arise because ownership of a large part of the Arctic is unsettled. http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-109/issue-6/exploration-development/territorial-disputes-and-natural-resources.html citation: By Completing This One-time Registration, You Will Continue to Enjoy All of the Benefits of the Oil & Gas Journal Site License. ',. "Login." To Access the Oil & Gas Journal Subscriber Premium Features. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2016.
3. Ideological
3.1. Local:(west and Islam are in fundamental conflict:) An overwhelming majority of Republican voters in the United States regard the west and Islam as being embroiled in "a fundamental conflict which only one side can win", according to new YouGov-Cambridge polling seen exclusively by the Guardian. As the UN general assembly was convening in New York, with an agenda including the ongoing conflict in Syria the Iranian nuclear question and the Arab uprisings the pollsters asked both American and British voters about their attitudes to the Muslim world. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/26/republicans-west-islam-conflict-poll Citation: Clark, Tom. "Most Republicans Think West and Islam Are in Fundamental Conflict, Poll Finds." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 26 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.
3.1.1. Global:(American Elite Conflict): The liberal position maintains that government should reduce Percent of public interest elite Roughly 3 out of 4 makers of prime time television, Labor leaders most religious leaders, movie maker, bureaucrats, the media elite, federal judges, and congressional aides call themselves liberal 9% of military leaders, 14% of business executives, 47% of corporate lawyers call themselves liberal. 91% for public international leaders, 75% for tv, 73% for labor, 67% for movies, 59% for religious leaders, 56% bureaucrats, 55% for media, 54% for judges, 52% for congressional aides, and 47% for lawyers consider themselves liberal. https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/76/76064.pdf Citation: (n.d.): n. pag. Print.
4. Religious/Ethnic
4.1. Local: (India)In Assam, three culturally disparate groups have been in collision: the Assamese, the Bengalis (both of which have segments of Hindus and Muslims) and the tribals, which are localized communities. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/ethnic-and-religious-conflicts-india
4.2. Regional/National (Thailand):“Thailand’s ethnic Malay Muslims against the Buddhist-majority state is taking a more audacious turn. For over eight years, Thailand’s three southernmost provinces have been in the grip of spiraling violence that has kept a low profile but taken a high toll”(Niharika Mandhana). http://world.time.com/2012/04/23/thailand-insurgency/
4.3. Globally: Violence and discrimination against religious groups by governments and rival faiths have reached new highs in all regions of the world...Religious-related terrorism and sectarian violence occurred in one-fifth of those countries in that year, while states imposed legal limits on worship, preaching or religious wear in almost 30 percent of them...The world's two largest faiths, Christianity and Islam, make up almost half the world's population and were the most widely targeted in 2012...Jews suffer hostility in 71 countries…”(Reuters). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/10572342/Religious-conflict-in-global-rise-report.html
5. Racial
5.1. Local:(San Diego)Dozens of demonstrators gather in El Cajon after the September 27 shooting of a black man. Many protestants blocked the intersection and many people voiced concern that the shooting was racially motivated. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/09/28/protests-continue-over-police-involved-shooting-unarmed-black-man-el-cajon-calif/91239206/
5.2. Regional/National :(Italy) “The region of Calabria, where Rosarno is located, makes up the toe of Italy's boot. Seasonal migrants — mostly from Africa and Eastern Europe — have long been employed to work in the citrus orchards there...The violence erupted in Rosarno on Jan. 7 after two African immigrants were shot by white men with pellet guns. The town's immigrants responded by burning cars and vandalizing shops, prompting retaliatory attacks by residents. By the end of the weekend, at least 70 people — most of them migrant workers — had been injured” (Stephan Faris). http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1953064,00.html?iid=sr-link4
5.3. Global:“There are tens of millions of people trapped in various forms of slavery throughout the world today. Researchers estimate that 21 million are enslaved worldwide, generating $150 billion each year in illicit profits for traffickers” (Free The Slaves). http://www.freetheslaves.net/about-slavery/slavery-today/
6. Class/Economic
6.1. Local: Rich / Poor Conflicts: The development discourse and practice has been based on a rational approach that assumes that economic growth benefits all society, reducing both poverty and inequality. "Good" development, moreover, would be achieved by those LDCs that follow Western political institutional models, echoing Truman's view of "development based on the concepts of democratic fair dealing. it is clear that in at least two sectors important to rich countries, cotton and milk, the dealing has been far from fair. http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/rich-poor Citation: By 1998, 1.2 Billion People Still Lived on Less than a Dollar a Day, and 2.8 Billion on Less than Two. If So, the "quality" of Development Has Been Widely Compromised. A Development That Takes Place without "quality," That Is, without. "Rich / Poor Conflicts | Beyond Intractability." Rich / Poor Conflicts | Beyond Intractability. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.
6.1.1. Regional: Rich / Poor Conflicts: The development discourse and practice has been based on a rational approach that assumes that economic growth benefits all society, reducing both poverty and inequality. "Good" development, moreover, would be achieved by those LDCs that follow Western political institutional models, echoing Truman's view of "development based on the concepts of democratic fair dealing. it is clear that in at least two sectors important to rich countries, cotton and milk, the dealing has been far from fair. http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/rich-poor Citation: By 1998, 1.2 Billion People Still Lived on Less than a Dollar a Day, and 2.8 Billion on Less than Two. If So, the "quality" of Development Has Been Widely Compromised. A Development That Takes Place without "quality," That Is, without. "Rich / Poor Conflicts | Beyond Intractability." Rich / Poor Conflicts | Beyond Intractability. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.