EFFECT OF MALAY-CHINA TRADE RELATION DURING THE MALACCA SULTANATE ON THE EMERGENCE OF CHINESE PER...
1. HISTORY OF CHINESE ARRIVAL IN MALACCA
1.1. Three Main Phases of Arrival of Chinese
1.1.1. Earliest Settlement of Chinese
1.1.1.1. Fei Xin's entry
1.1.1.1.1. Mentioned about the existence of light-skinned people, who may be Chinese
1.1.1.2. Malay Annals
1.1.1.2.1. Followers and maidens of Princess Hang Li Poh that being converted to Islam
1.1.1.3. Tome Pires's Records
1.1.1.3.1. Marriage of Xaquen Darxa (Sultan Iskandar) with daughter of Chinese Leader
1.1.1.4. Record of Braz de Albuquerque
1.1.1.4.1. Wedding events of Malacca's Sultan and Chinese Lady
1.1.2. During British Colonial Era
1.1.3. The Post-Independence Malaya
2. EFFECT OF THE COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CHINESE PERANAKAN COMMUNITY FORMATION IN MALACCA
2.1. According to Oong Ching
2.1.1. Ancestor of Chinese Peranakan in Malacca now is made up of Chinese who settled in Malacca during Portuguese rule or later period
2.1.1.1. Evidence: there was a Chinese village built during Portuguese conquest
2.1.1.1.1. Recorded by De Eredia
2.2. Lack of Chinese Woman in Malacca
2.3. According to Winstedt, since the Islam forbid the marriage between Muslim and non-Muslim
2.3.1. most Chinese wives consisted of slaves among non-Muslim from the Malay Archipelago
2.3.2. Chia agrees with the study
2.3.2.1. Believe that intermarriage occur between Chinese and Batak woman
2.4. Justified by the Places of Worship of Chinese in Malacca
2.4.1. Cheng Hoon Teng Temple: built in 1673
2.4.1.1. Oldest Chinese Temple in Malaysia
2.4.1.1.1. For religious purposes
2.4.1.1.2. Place for Chinese Capitans and Chinese Leaders to discuss
2.5. Has strong roots in duration compared to others Chinese communities in Malaya
2.5.1. Assimilated themselves in the local Malay Community
3. CONCLUSION
3.1. Chinese Peranakan in Malacca
3.1.1. Impact of the trade relations that prevailed in the days of the Malay Sultanate of Malacca
3.2. No prove that Chinese Peranakans in Malacca are the descendants of the Chinese during Malacca Sultanate
3.3. Emergence of new ethnic group of Chine-Malay synthesis
3.3.1. Chinese Peranakan (Baba& Nyonya)
3.4. Peranakan Chinese seem to be so close to to the Malay community
3.4.1. In term of Culture
4. INTRODUCTION
4.1. 1399 AD: Pawameswara founded Malacca
4.2. 1414 AD: Parameswara embraced Islam
4.2.1. Islam began to spread among the State
4.2.1.1. Malacca become an important trading and shipping center
4.2.1.1.1. Muslim trader come to Malacca to do Business Example: Middle East, India, China, Persia, Turkey
4.3. 15th Century: Malacca grown in to a International Trading Port
5. COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES IN MALACCA
5.1. Replaced Sriivijaya as trade center at 15th century
5.1.1. Achieve a great success
5.2. Also known as Empire of Malacca Sultanate
5.2.1. important port in Malay Archipelago
5.2.2. Center of the Spice Trade
5.2.2.1. Central Collection and Marketing place for the spice states to the markets
5.3. Factors Malacca become a Successive Entrepot
5.3.1. Successive in attracting commercial attention
5.3.1.1. Provide modern infrastructure facilities
5.3.1.2. Strategically located at the confluence of the South China Sea, the Straits of Malacca & Sunda Straits
5.3.2. Situated at the Protected Zone
5.3.2.1. Safe from SOUTHWEST MONSOON & NORTHEAST MONSOON
5.3.2.1.1. Traders from countries like Java, India and Arab in the course of carrying refuge in the Malacca until the situation is safe for them to continue to sail
5.3.3. Acts as Receiver & Buyer of Goods
5.3.4. Serve as Mediators to find traders from the East & West
5.3.5. Trade in Malacca is conducted through the medium of local currency made from tin
5.3.6. Served as distribution center for goods brought to Malacca to other places
5.4. Increase in Population
5.4.1. Strategic Geographical Position in the International Trade Route
5.4.2. Effort of the State Government prospering with trade and diplomatic ties with foreign contries
5.5. Relationship between Malacca & China
5.5.1. through the initiative of Emperor Yung Lo
5.5.1.1. Sent delegations to Malacca since the begining
5.5.2. Marriage of Sultan Mansur Shah with Princess Hang Li Poh
6. CHINA TRADE RELATIONS AND MALACCA
6.1. During Ming Dynasty, significant growth of trade relations between China and Malay World
6.1.1. Malacca Sultanate had sought refuge from Ming Dynasty
6.1.2. Malacca Sultanate sent a message to seek protection from Ming Dynasty to face treats from Ayudha
6.2. Response of Ming Dynasty when the trade policy changed & elimination of Closed-door policy
6.3. Zheng He's recognition of the role of Malacca as International Trade
6.3.1. Saved Malacca from treats of Siam