1. causes
1.1. natural
1.1.1. natural prosses
1.1.1.1. eroding of sedimentary rocks
1.1.2. natural disasters
1.1.2.1. earthquakes
1.2. anthrogenic
1.2.1. careless in oil idustry
1.2.1.1. storage
1.2.1.2. petroleum refining
1.2.1.3. transportations
1.2.2. pollute while doing hobbies
1.2.2.1. water sports
1.2.2.2. fishing
2. solutions
2.1. protective
2.1.1. transportation
2.1.1.1. ships
2.1.1.1.1. cutting-edge tanker ships
2.1.1.1.2. captain training
2.1.1.1.3. redundant Systems
2.1.1.1.4. double Hulls
2.1.1.2. Pipelines
2.1.1.2.1. maintaining the equipment
2.1.1.2.2. carefully selecting routes
2.1.2. storage
2.1.2.1. Storage Terminals
2.1.2.1.1. Overfill sensors
2.1.2.2. wells
2.1.2.2.1. well Planning, design, and construction
2.1.2.2.2. blowout prevention systems
2.2. therapeic
2.2.1. Chemical dispersants:
2.2.2. Controlled burns:
2.2.3. Water-oil separation:
3. effects
3.1. enviromental
3.1.1. marine life
3.1.1.1. poisoning and killing algae, mangaroves, fish, seabirds, coral reefs and sea turtles
3.1.1.2. animals become blind due to exposure to the oil
3.1.2. health of coastal community
3.1.2.1. inhale vapours from oil slicks
3.1.2.2. touch and contact with lingering oil on beaches
3.1.2.3. eating contaminated sea food
3.1.3. climate ( fires and explosions )
3.1.3.1. global greenhouse gas emissions
3.1.3.2. increasing in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
3.1.3.3. consequent changes to the climate
3.2. economic
3.2.1. industry
3.2.1.1. stop industries which depending on clear water
3.2.2. tourism
3.2.2.1. close leisure activities (swamp tours, boating and hiking)
3.2.2.2. negative impact on people's intentions to visit affected places
3.2.3. clearing/restoring
3.2.3.1. countries spend a lot of money to clean and restore affected places
4. roles
4.1. government
4.1.1. use of high-quality tools
4.1.1.1. during
4.1.1.1.1. transport of oil
4.1.2. issuing strict laws
4.1.2.1. for
4.1.2.1.1. who contribute to this problem deliberately
4.2. sitizen
4.2.1. raise awareness
4.2.1.1. among
4.2.1.1.1. member of the community
4.2.2. devise new ideas
4.2.2.1. to help
4.2.2.1.1. transport of oil