1. Food system's three incredible, interwoven challenges
1.1. Guarantee that all seven billion people alive today are adequately fed
1.2. Double food production in the next 40 years
1.3. Achieve both goals while becoming truly environmentally sustainable
2. Ways to feed more people
2.1. Expanding farmland
2.1.1. It's not a good idea because of urban development.
2.2. Improving yield
2.2.1. It is unpractical since the rate is nowhere near enough to double food production by midcentury.
2.3. Cost in damage to the environment
2.4. Fresh water
2.4.1. It's definitely impossible for it is disappearing and contaminated
3. Five solutions
3.1. Stop expanding agriculture’s footprint.
3.1.1. Most promising is the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) mechanism.
3.1.1.1. Rich nations pay tropical nations to protect their rain forests
3.1.2. Developing certification standards for agricultural products
3.1.2.1. Supply chains can be assured that crops were not grown on lands created by deforestation
3.1.3. Biofuel policy
3.2. Close the world’s yield gaps.
3.2.1. Boost the productivity of our best farms—raising their “yield ceiling” through improved crop genetics and management
3.2.2. Improve the yields of the world’s least productive farms—closing the “yield gap” between a farm’s current yield and its higher potential yield
3.2.2.1. Provides the largest and most immediate gain—especially in regions where hunger is most acute.
3.3. Example: Silver buckshot
3.4. Use resources much more effciently.
3.4.1. Far more crop output per unit of water, fertilizer and energy
3.4.1.1. Drip irrigation
3.4.1.2. Mulching
3.4.1.3. Reducing water lost from irrigation systems
3.4.1.3.1. Fix excess are policy and economic incentives
3.5. Shift diets away from meat.
3.5.1. Increase global food availability and environmental sustainability
3.5.2. However, personal preference is unlikely changing.
3.6. Reduce food waste.
3.6.1. Phenomenon in rich and poor country
3.6.1.1. Rich country
3.6.1.1.1. Most in restaurant and trash can in summer end.
3.6.1.2. Poor country
3.6.1.2.1. Bad infrastructure and markets
4. Challenge One: Hunger
4.1. Unbalance for distribution of the crops planted by farmer
5. Challenge Two: Increasing population causes the deficiency of plants
5.1. Rising demand
5.2. Increasing use of cropland for biofuels
5.3. Adequate to produce twice as much to guarantee the supply of food
5.4. Reducing agriculture's adverse impact to promote the global health
5.4.1. Consumes a large percentage of the earth’s land surface and is destroying habitat
5.4.2. Using up freshwater
5.4.3. Polluting rivers and oceans
5.4.4. Emitting greenhouse gases more extensively than almost any other human activity