1. Addition Operating System Function
1.1. Resource allocation
1.2. Accounting
1.3. Protection and Security
2. System calls
2.1. interface between a running program and the operating system
2.2. Type
2.2.1. Process control
2.2.2. File management
2.2.3. Device management
2.2.4. Information maintence
2.2.5. Communications
2.2.6. Protection
2.3. 3 general method to pass parameters between running program and the operating system
2.3.1. pass the parameters in registers
2.3.2. Parameters stored in a block,or table,in memory and address of block passed as a parameter in a register
2.3.3. Parameters placed or pushed onto the stack by the program and poppped off the stack by the operating system
3. Layered approach
3.1. divided into a number of layers(level)
3.1.1. highest layersuser interface
3.1.2. lowest layers:hardware
3.2. advantages
3.2.1. Simplicity of construction and debugging
3.3. Disadvantage
3.3.1. the careful definition and interaction of the layers
3.3.2. less efficient
4. Operating System Design Goals
4.1. User goals
4.1.1. operating system should be convenient to use,easy to learn,reliable,safe and fast
4.2. System goals
4.2.1. operating system should be easy to design ,implement and maintain ,as well as flexible,reliable,error-free and efficient
5. OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICES
5.1. User interface
5.2. Program execution
5.3. I/O operation
5.4. File-system manipulation
5.5. Communicatons
5.6. Error detection
6. Microkernel
6.1. small operating system core
6.2. contains only essential core operating systems functions
6.3. external subsystems
6.3.1. Device drivers
6.3.2. file system
6.3.3. virtual memory manager
6.3.4. windowing system
6.3.5. security services
6.4. Benefits
6.4.1. Extensibility
6.4.2. Flexibility
6.4.3. Reliability
6.4.4. Portability
7. Operating system design
7.1. Sart by defining goals and specification
7.2. affect by
7.2.1. choice of hardware
7.2.2. type of system
7.2.3. batch
7.2.4. time shared
7.2.5. multiuser
7.2.6. distributed
7.2.7. real time