1. Racialization
1.1. Othering
1.2. History
1.2.1. "Civilization" Vs. "Barbarity"
1.2.2. Dichotomy of Christianity
1.2.3. Cultural deviance
1.2.4. Capitalism
1.2.4.1. Explore and exploit
1.2.5. Enlightenment
1.2.5.1. Concept of collective humanity
1.2.5.2. Linnaeus
1.2.5.2.1. First classification of humans into separate groups
1.2.5.3. Blumenbach
1.2.5.3.1. Humans still one species but still distinct groups
1.2.5.4. Buffon
1.2.5.4.1. Inherent differences thought caused by environment and agriculture
1.2.5.5. Meiners
1.2.5.5.1. Equates western beauty with intelligence
1.2.5.6. Jefferson
1.2.5.6.1. Morally potentially equal but white superior intellect
1.2.5.7. Prichard
1.2.5.7.1. Monogenesis changed through civilizing
1.2.5.8. Prichard
1.2.5.8.1. Polygenesis
1.3. Slavery
1.3.1. The other viewed as subhuman
1.3.2. Initial contact not necessarily negative
1.3.3. Produced stereotypes and prejudices against people of colour which led to discrimination
1.3.4. Tried to use other races for slavery but assumed Africans to be the most utilitarian for what they needed
1.3.5. Perpetuated divide between races and led to systemic and systematic racism and discrimination
2. Othering
2.1. Negation/ Silencing
2.1.1. Denying history, traditions and the othe's agency
2.2. Essentialization
2.2.1. Inherent traits
2.3. Differentiation
2.3.1. Ostrichization for deviance
2.3.2. Binary oppositions
2.4. Superiorization/ Inferiorization
2.4.1. Subverting autonomy
2.5. Normalization/ Exoticization
2.5.1. West as normative
2.6. Idealization
2.6.1. Mysticism
2.7. Homogenization
2.7.1. Collective identity and responsibility
2.8. Generalization
2.8.1. Collective identity
2.9. Simplification/ Reductionism
2.9.1. Primitivism
2.10. Stigmatization/ Debasement
2.11. Securitization
2.11.1. Perceived threat of safety and security
2.12. Infantilization
2.12.1. Dismissive of agency
2.13. Moralization/ Eroticization
2.13.1. Deviance in sensuality
2.14. Dehumanization
2.14.1. Denying humanity
3. Racism
3.1. Slavery
3.1.1. Not established around race but rather led to the development of generalizations that led modern notions
3.2. Capitalism
3.3. Colonization
3.3.1. Perceived Benefits
3.3.1.1. Colonial power and influence
3.3.1.2. Access to new resources and materials
3.3.1.3. Able to export cheap labor
3.3.1.4. Access to lands and routes
3.4. West Vs. Rest
3.4.1. West holds power to establish norms
3.5. Orientalism
3.5.1. Said
3.5.1.1. Colonial appropriations of poc experience and values
3.6. Stereotype
3.6.1. Generalizations of groups used to base interactions around
3.7. Prejudice
3.7.1. Predecided notions about a group of people based on stereotypes
3.8. Discrimination
3.8.1. Active behaviour of unfair/ aggressive nature based on prejudice
3.9. Power
3.9.1. Master/ Slave dialectic
3.9.2. Subjection and subversion
3.10. Nationalism
4. Sociology and Race
4.1. Classics
4.1.1. Old Dead White Guys
4.1.1.1. Herbert Spencer
4.1.1.1.1. Social Darwinism
4.1.1.1.2. Biological essentialism
4.1.1.1.3. Assimilation
4.1.1.2. Auguste Comte
4.1.1.2.1. Society as an organism
4.1.1.2.2. Natural hierarchy
4.1.1.3. Emile Durkheim
4.1.1.3.1. Cultural divisiveness
4.1.1.3.2. Modern Vs. Primitive
4.1.1.3.3. Social solidarity
4.1.1.4. Karl Marx
4.1.1.4.1. Class conflict engulfed race
4.1.1.4.2. Pro-colonization for the eventual spread of communism
4.1.1.5. Max Weber
4.1.1.5.1. Western "rationality" Vs. Non-western "primitiveness"
4.1.2. Theories
4.1.2.1. Assimilation
4.1.2.1.1. Boas and Park
4.1.2.1.2. Flaws
4.1.2.1.3. Neo-assimilation
4.1.2.2. Primordialism
4.1.2.2.1. Sociocultural
4.1.2.2.2. Sociobiological
4.1.2.2.3. Flaws
4.1.2.3. Social Darwinism
4.1.2.3.1. Spencer
4.1.2.4. Assimilation occurs unequally across class
4.1.2.5. Biogenetics/ Socio-genomics
4.1.2.5.1. Graves/ Murray and Hernstein
4.1.2.5.2. Flaws
4.1.2.6. Instrumentalism/ Circumstantialism
4.1.2.6.1. Glazer and Moynihan/ Patterson
4.1.2.6.2. Banton
4.1.2.6.3. Flaws
4.2. Modern
4.2.1. Social Constructionism
4.2.1.1. Race as socially constructed
4.2.1.2. Perceptions of race are fluid
4.2.1.3. Agency taken into consideration
4.2.2. Intersectionality
4.2.2.1. Crenshaw and Collins
4.2.2.1.1. Factors of biology, society and culture
5. Concept of The Self
5.1. Defines self in relation and opposition to the other
5.1.1. Construction and exaggeration of differences
5.1.2. Biological/ social essentialism
5.2. Collective Vs. Individual Identity
5.2.1. Sameness seen as essential