1. Sociology of Education
1.1. Theoretical Perspectives
1.1.1. 1. Functionalism is supposed to create structures, programs, and curricula that are technically advanced, rational, and encourage social unity. The Conflict Theory feels that Students struggle against teachers, and teachers struggle against administrators. Interactional theories are basically critiques and extensions of functional and conflict theories.
1.2. 5 Effects of Schooling
1.2.1. 1. Employment effects students because they tend to receive professional and technical jobs after college. 2. Teachers have a major impact on students because they are seen as role models. 3. Students peers have a significant impact because all students want to feel included. 4. The tracking system effects the students because it is the placement of students in curricular programs based on students' abilities and inclinations. 5. Inadequate schools effect students receiving appropriate education.
2. Philosophy of Education
2.1. Pragmatism
2.1.1. Dewey's ideas, often called progressive, suggest that teachers start with the needs and interests of the child. Children are active.
2.1.2. Key researchers are John Dewey, George Sanders Peirce, and William James.
2.1.3. Schools should be a place where ideas can be implemented, challenged, and restructured, with a goal of providing students with the knowledge of how to improve social order. Integrate children into democratic society.
2.1.4. The teacher is a facilitator. they write and implement curriculum.
2.1.5. Problem-solving or Inquiry method of instruction.
2.1.6. The curriculum is known as core or integrated curriculum.
3. Schools as Organizations
3.1. My District
3.1.1. Richard Shelby is the senator, andmike rogers is the representative. Ed Richardson is the state superintendent.Jason Barnett is the local Superintendent of dekalb county. Jeff Williams serves as chairman,Randy Peppers as Vice chairman,Matt Sharp Mark Richards, and Robert Elliott all serve as board members.
4. Equality of Opportunity
4.1. Impact of Educational Outcome
4.1.1. Class impacts the outcome because school is expensive, and usually the longer you stay in school the more you need parental support. A family higher in class can afford that more than a family lower in class.
4.1.2. Race impacts the outcome because statistics show that minorities generally drop out of school more and have lower SAT scores; which correlates with going to college.
4.1.3. In recent years it has been seen that gender differences have been reduced in education. However, it is still true that men do better in mathematics that women, but women do better in writing than men.
4.2. The Coleman Study (1982)
4.2.1. One of the responses was about the difference between public and Catholic school. This study showed that there was not one subject which the public schools scored higher on tests than the Catholic schools.
4.2.2. The second response to this study was about segregation. This response states that where an individual goes to school is often related to her race and socioeconomic background, but the schools economy and race has greater impact on student achievement than an individual's race and class.
5. Educational Reform
5.1. Charter Schools
5.1.1. Charter schools are public schools, but are more accountable for the students success. The "charter"is a performance contract that states the goals of the school, methods of assessment, and many other things. Charter schools are supposedly provide a more efficient and effective alternative for low-income children.
5.2. Teacher Education
5.2.1. It was thought that if the schools were failing then they should look to the teachers and the teaching methods used. This made teacher organizations fear that they would be used as the scapegoats, and decided to question the education of the teachers instead. This cause sweeping changes in the education industry. This caused changes in standards for both teachers and students, they had to reinvent teacher preparation, fix teacher recruitment, encourage and reward teacher knowledge and skill, and create schools that are organized for student and teacher success.
6. History of U.S. Education
6.1. Reform Movement
6.1.1. 1. Traditional reform I feel has had a bigger influence because it focuses on knowledge-centered education, a traditional subject-centered curriculum, teacher-centered education, discipline and authority, and the defense of academic standards in the name of excellence.
6.2. Interpretation of U.S. Education
6.2.1. 2. Democratic-liberal has a pretty optimistic view of U.S. Education.
7. Politics of Education
7.1. The Four Purposes of Education
7.2. 1.Intellectual teaches basic cognitive skills.Political teaches basic laws of society. Social helps solve problems. Economic prepares students for their later occupational roles.
7.3. Perspectives
7.3.1. 2.The role of school-Conservative . Explanation of unequal performance- Liberal. Definition of educational problems- Radical.
8. Curriculum,Pedagogy, and the Transmission of Knowledge
8.1. Curriculum
8.1.1. The social Efficiency Curriculum is based on the idea that all students with different needs should receive different types of schooling. Basically, it means that not all children are the same and their needs should be considered instead of just doing the same type of education for everyone.
8.2. Mimetic
8.2.1. This tradition of teaching is viewed to teach specific knowledge to students.This view mostly uses lectures or presentations as teaching methods; also known as didactic method.
8.3. Transformative
8.3.1. This tradition of teaching believes that the purpose of education is to change the students in a meaningful way. This method rejects the authoritarian relationship between teacher and students. This tradition uses the dialectical method. This method is more question based instead of lecture based.