B.1.1 Recognize that and explain how the many cells in an individual can be very different from one another,

even though they are all descended from a single cell and thus have essentially identical genetic

instructions. Understand that different parts of the genetic instructions are used in different types

of cells and are inﬂuenced by the cell’s environment and past history.

B.1.2 Explain that every cell is covered by a membrane that controls what can enter and leave the cell.

Recognize that in all but quite primitive cells, a complex network of proteins provides organization

and shape. In addition, understand that ﬂagella and/or cilia may allow some Protista, some Monera,

and some animal cells to move.

B.1.3 Know and describe that within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials,

energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback, and movement.

In addition to these basic cellular functions common to all cells, understand that most cells in

multicellular organisms perform some special functions that others do not.

B.1.4 Understand and describe that the work of the cell is carried out by the many different types

of molecules it assembles, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

B.1.5 Demonstrate that most cells function best within a narrow range of temperature and acidity. Note that

extreme changes may harm cells, modifying the structure of their protein molecules and therefore,

some possible functions.

B.1.6 Show that a living cell is composed mainly of a small number of chemical elements – carbon, hydrogen,

nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. Recognize that carbon can join to other carbon atoms in

chains and rings to form large and complex molecules.

B.1.7 Explain that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct

cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Note that cell behavior can also be affected by

molecules from other parts of the organism, such as hormones.

B.1.8 Understand and describe that all growth and development is a consequence of an increase

in cell number, cell size, and/or cell products. Explain that cellular differentiation results from

gene expression and/or environmental inﬂuence. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.

B.1.9 Recognize and describe that both living and nonliving things are composed of compounds, which

are themselves made up of elements joined by energy-containing bonds, such as those in ATP.

B.1.10 Recognize and explain that macromolecules such as lipids contain high energy bonds as well.

Even on the go