1. Open + Closed
1.1. Definitions
1.1.1. Open – takes place in an unpredicted environment
1.1.1.1. Open = Weather, Opponents, Crowd, Outside
1.1.2. Closed - the environment is stable and constant. The skill can be replicated with little impact from the environment around them.
1.1.2.1. Closed = Stable environment, Skills pre-learned, Usually self-paced
1.2. The Spectrum
1.2.1. Open –> Rugby –> Golf –> Darts –> Closed
2. Characteristics of a Skilled Performer
2.1. • Aesthetically pleasing • Consistent • Efficient • Fluent • Accurate • Controlled • Economical • Learned
3. Elements of Skill
3.1. Cognitive = using tactics to outsmart an opponent
3.2. Motor = tennis serve/ pole vault
3.3. Perceptual= players knowing where their teammates are/ umpires making right call
3.4. Psychomotor = when a player receives the ball, they will have to use perceptual skill to know whether to run or pass and motor skills to perform the choice effectively.
4. Skill Transfer
4.1. Definition
4.1.1. the theory of transfer is defined as the effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another. Shot off floor, then volley.
4.2. Positive
4.2.1. Positive happens when two skills have a similar shape and form.
4.2.2. Example: Basketball to netball –> hand eye co-ordination, spatial awareness, movement, catching
4.3. Negative
4.3.1. Negative happens when one skill hinders the learning of another.
5. Ablilty
5.1. Definition
5.1.1. Ability dictates how well we can learn specific skill.
5.1.2. "Abilities are enduring characteristics which underline a person’s potential skill in one sport or another." (sharp)
6. Definition
6.1. Skill is a combo of ability and knowledge, and is always learned.
6.2. "A learned ability to bring pre-determined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both." (Knapp, 1963)
7. Types of Skill
7.1. Gross + Fine
7.1.1. Definitions
7.1.1.1. Gross – large muscle movements
7.1.1.1.1. Gross = rugby tackle, slide tackle, swimming
7.1.1.2. Fine – small amount of muscles used
7.1.1.2.1. Fine = darts, snooker, shooting
7.2. Definitions
7.2.1. Discrete – have a clear beginning and end (one short, sharp action) – kicking
7.2.2. Continuous – no clear beginning and end – cycling
7.2.3. Serial – several discrete skills which are linked together in a specific order – gymnastics/synchronised swimming
7.3. Complex + Simple
7.3.1. Definitions
7.3.1.1. Simple – straight forward skills, limited decisions, few sub-routines - walking
7.3.1.2. Complex – complicated skills, require lots of attention or practice, may be decisions to make - lifter in rugby