Database Administration and Security

1. Need for and Role of Databases in an Organization

1.1. At the top management level

1.1.1. Enable strategic decision making and planning

1.1.2. Identify growth opportunities

1.1.3. Define and enforce organizational policies

1.1.4. Reduce costs and boost productivity

1.1.5. Provide feedback

1.2. At the middle management level

1.2.1. Deliver the data required for tactical planning

1.2.2. Monitor the use of resources

1.2.3. Evaluate performance

1.2.4. Enforce security and privacy of data in the database

1.3. At the operational management level

1.3.1. Represent and support company operations

1.3.2. Produce query results within specified performance levels

1.3.3. Enhance the company's short-term operations

2. Data

2.1. Dirty data

2.1.1. Data that suffer from innacuracies and inconsistencies

2.2. Data quality

2.2.1. Ensuring accuracy, validity, and timeliness of dat

2.3. Data profiling software

2.3.1. Determine data patterns and compare them against standards defined by the organization

2.4. Master data management (MDM) software

2.4.1. Helps prevent dirty data by coordinating across multiple systems

3. DBA's Technical Role

3.1. Evaluate, select, and install DBMS and related utilities

3.2. Design and implement databases and applications

3.3. Test and evaluate databases and applications

3.4. Operate the DBMS, utilities, and applications

3.5. Train and support users

3.6. Maintain the DMBS, utilities, and applications

4. Evolution of the Database Administration Funtion

4.1. Information systems (IS) department

4.1.1. Provides end users with data management support and solutions for information needs

4.2. Database administrator

4.2.1. Responsible for control of the centralized and shared databse

4.3. Systems administrator

4.3.1. General coordinator of all DBAs

4.4. Data administrator (DA) or information resource manager (IRM)

4.4.1. Has a higher degree of responsibility and authority than the DBA

5. Introduction of a Database: Special Considerations

5.1. Technological aspect

5.1.1. Selecting, installing, configuring, and monitoring the DBMS to ensure that it operates efficiently

5.2. Managerial aspect

5.2.1. Careful planning to create an appropriate organizational structure

5.3. Cultural aspect

5.3.1. Listening to people's concerns about the system and explaining its uses and benefits

6. DBA's Managerial Role

6.1. Provide end-user support

6.2. Enforce policies, procedures, and standards for correct data creation, usage, and distribution within the databse

6.3. Manage data security, privacy, and integrity

6.4. Manage data backup and recovery

6.5. Disaster management: Planning, organizing, and testing of database contingency plans and recovery procedures

6.6. Full backup or database dump: Produces a complete copy of the entire database

6.7. Incremental backup: Produces a backup of all data since the last backup date

6.8. Concurrent backup: Takes place while the user is working on the database

6.9. Manage data distribution and use

7. Security Goals

7.1. Confidentiality: Protecting data against unauthorized access

7.2. Compliance: Activities that meet data privacy and security reporting guidelines

7.3. Integrity: Keeping data consistent and free of errors or anomalies

7.4. Availability: Accessibility of data whenever required by authorized users and for authorized purposes

8. Security Policy

8.1. Collection of standards, policies, and procedures created to guarantee security

8.1.1. Ensures auditing and compliance

8.2. Security audit process

8.2.1. Identifies security vulnerabilities

8.2.2. Identifies measures to protect the system

9. Data Dictionary

9.1. Types

9.1.1. Integrated- Included with the DBMS

9.1.2. Standalone- Third-party systems

9.2. Active data dictionary: Automatically updated by the DBMS with every database access

9.3. Passive data dictionary: Requires running a batch process

9.4. Main function- Store description of all objects that interact with the database

10. Components of a CASE Tool

10.1. Graphics

10.2. Screen painters and report generators

10.3. Integrated repository

10.4. Analysis segment

10.5. Program documentation generator

11. Using Oracle for Database Administration

11.1. Ensure that the RDBMS starts automatically

11.2. Create tablespaces and datafiles

11.2.1. Tablespace: Logical storage space

11.2.2. Datafile: Physically stores the database's data

11.3. Manage users and establish security

11.3.1. User: Allows a given person to log on to the databse

11.3.2. Role: Authorize a user to connect to the database and use its system resources

11.3.3. Profile: Control how much database resource a user can use

12. Types of Tablespace

12.1. SYSTEM

12.1.1. Stores the data dictionary data

12.2. USERS

12.2.1. Stores the table data created by the end users

12.3. TEMP

12.3.1. Stores the temporary tables and indexes created during the execution of SQL statements

12.4. UNDOTBS1

12.4.1. Stores database transaction recovery information