1. To protect themselves from invaders, a contract is developed between the Lords
2. Fall of the Roman Empire
2.1. Roman Soldiers are no longer a presence in Europe
2.1.1. Invaders occupy territory once secured by the Roman Empire
2.1.2. Trade routes that were once protected by Rome are no longer safe.
3. The Development of the Feudal Manor
4. Rise of Catholic Church
4.1. The church had economic power
4.1.1. Followers provided 1/10 of earnings, this was called a tithe. This was a tax that all people had to pay regardless of how much money one had.
4.1.2. The church had large land holdings in Western Europe, owned 1/3
4.1.3. In addition to collecting taxes, the Church also accepted gifts of all kinds from individuals who wanted special favors or wanted to be certain of a place in heaven. The power of the Catholic Church grew with its wealth. The Catholic Church was then able to influence the kings and rulers of Europe.
4.2. The church had political power
4.2.1. Many followers who were being instructed to follow the teachings of the church
4.2.2. Nobles sent their children to be educated by church officials... this would provide a network between the church and those in power
4.3. People were fearful of going to hell if they did not follow the laws of the bible.
4.3.1. What happened to those who opposed the church?
4.3.1.1. Opposition to the Catholic Church would result in excommunication. This meant that the person who was excommunicated could not attend any church services, and would go straight to hell when they died.