1. Challenge
1.1. don't make things too easy
1.1.1. challenge increases engagement
1.2. requires deep thinking
1.2.1. no guessing allowed
1.3. must be throughout the game
1.3.1. keeps people playing
1.4. learning must begin with this
2. Mystery
2.1. unknown information
2.1.1. what happened, why?
2.1.1.1. creates gaps for learners to fill
2.2. creates desire to discover
2.2.1. adds to world exploring
2.2.2. allows content exploration from multiple perspectives
3. Riskiness
3.1. risk of loss increases focus and engagement
3.1.1. no set amounts, it depends on action and randomness
3.1.2. no risk leads to boredom
3.2. how can you put learners "at risk"?
3.2.1. consequences for not answering correctly?
3.2.2. too much risk can damage motivation
3.2.3. balance and limit must be present
4. Uncertainty
4.1. unpredictability
4.1.1. randomness
4.2. what are the possible outcomes?
4.3. element of chance increases engagement
4.3.1. increases focus
4.3.2. adds suspense (mystery) and intrigue
5. Visible Progression
5.1. tangible evidence to learner/player
5.1.1. adds to sense of accomplishment
5.1.2. increases desire to continue on
5.2. should be present all the way through learning/playing process
5.3. how to?
5.3.1. levels
5.3.2. badges
5.3.3. environment update
5.3.4. coins
5.3.5. special items
5.3.6. etc.
6. Freedom
6.1. freedom to fail
6.2. explore different perspectives
6.3. freedom to risk
6.4. freedom is essential to gaming
6.4.1. creates new opportunities to learn
7. Feedback
7.1. games constantly have feedback
7.2. tutorials
7.2.1. help player learn
7.3. lets players know where they stand
7.4. some feedback doesn't come until after failure
7.4.1. hints help solve problems
7.4.2. there's always multiple tries allowed
7.4.3. learning from mistakes is more likely to stick than learning from success
7.5. some feedback is immediate
7.5.1. allows for immediate adjustments
7.5.2. helps avoid total failure
8. Fiero
8.1. essential to gaming
8.2. keeps people going
8.3. adds sense of accomplishment
8.4. ties gaming experience together
8.4.1. gaming is a series of fiero moments
8.4.2. fiero is glue
9. Action
9.1. What to do?!
9.1.1. small steps at a time
9.1.2. always something to do
9.2. immediate engagement
9.2.1. desire to discover
9.2.2. adds to world exploration
9.2.3. based on decision making
9.2.3.1. interactivity = engagement
10. Opportunity for Mastery
10.1. can be shown in diverse ways
10.1.1. opportunity for content application
10.2. increases sense of accomplishment
10.2.1. ability to "prove" one's skills
10.2.2. fiero
10.3. scaffolded difficulty
10.3.1. steps higher each time
10.3.2. rewarded each time
10.3.3. final step is boss level
10.3.3.1. bigger risk, bigger reward
10.3.3.2. even failure shows accomplishment along the way
11. Emotional connection
11.1. human interaction is emotion based
11.2. emotion creates connection to material
11.2.1. emotion is a critical element of learning
11.3. learning should be based on humanity
11.3.1. not algorithms,
11.3.1.1. rationale,
11.3.1.2. policy,
11.3.1.3. terminology,
11.3.1.4. or modules
11.3.2. learning is better recalled when strong emotional connection are made
11.4. gameplay is emotion based
11.4.1. games contain:
11.4.1.1. frustration
11.4.1.2. fiero
11.4.1.3. sadness
11.4.1.4. anger
11.4.1.5. happiness
11.4.2. games are closer to humanity than learning has become