HYPERTENSION

1. Type

1.1. 1. Primary (essential or idiopathic) hypertension

1.2. 2. Secondary Hypertension

2. Hypertension in Elderly

2.1. • Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)

2.2. • Lifetime risk of developing hypertension

2.3. • Reasons for increased BP in elderly

3. Mechanism

3.1. Neurogenic control

3.2. Renin-angiotensin system

4. Sign & symptoms

4.1. 1. Primary Hypertension

4.1.1. does not have symptoms other than high blood pressure

4.2. 2. Secondary Hypertension

4.2.1. • Most likely caused by Renal Disorders, symptoms you will see: • Decreased urine formation • Increased sodium and water retention

5. Treatments

5.1. Non-pharmacological treatment

5.2. Pharmacological treatment

6. Rehabitation

6.1. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements

6.2. Exercise Training

7. Definition

7.1. An elevated blood pressure (BP) is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 90 mm Hg or both.

8. Classification

8.1. • Normal

8.2. • Prehypertension

8.3. • stage 1 hypertension

8.4. • stage 2 hypertension

9. Complications

9.1. • Peripheral vascular disease • Nephrosclerosis • Retinal damage

10. Causes of hypertension in elderly

10.1. 1. Increased collagen and stiffness of myocardium

10.2. 2. Loss of baroreflex

10.3. 3. Loss of beta I-adrenergic receptors stimulation

10.4. 4. Changing of endothelial cells

10.5. 5. Inefficient renal system

10.6. 6. May have altered drug absorption; delayed metabolism and excretion; becareful when medicating.