1. Aboriginals
1.1. The Canadian Government made their decisions for them, typically not in favour of them
1.1.1. Without consent, the government would take away parts of Aboriginal reserves which was called "cut-off lands"
1.2. Government continued with the assimilation of Aboriginal culture, language, and lifestyle
1.2.1. All Aboriginals were required to attend residential schools
1.2.1.1. Graduating from these schools meant they would gain rights like voting and citizenship but meant they remove their title as natives of the country
1.2.1.1.1. (See Image A1)
1.3. Budget to be used for Aboriginals was very small and very limited
1.3.1. Very little focus was put into the needs of Aboriginal people and what they needed
1.3.1.1. Due to this, today aboriginal people have lower education levels, higher poverty rates and more discrimination to deal with.
1.4. Were not considered citizens and did not have the right to vote
1.4.1. These rights were not given in the 1920's. It took till the 1960's before the right to vote was allowed to Aboriginals
1.5. Frederick Ogilvie Loft
1.5.1. Created the League of Indians
1.5.1.1. Was a great activist for the Indigenous population and he attempted to fight for the rights of all First Nations people
1.5.1.1.1. (See Image A2)
1.6. Aboriginal Peoples ~ Canada's Human Rights History
1.7. Native Leaders of Canada - F. O. Loft
2. New Technologies and Inventions
2.1. Diabetes was a deadly disease at the time and no cure was available
2.1.1. The body requires insulin to balance blood sugar which people with diabetes don't have enough of
2.1.1.1. Frederick Banting was able to create insulin which people could have injected slowly to regulate blood sugar
2.1.1.1.1. Till this day, insulin injection is the best way for patients with diabetes to not die from blood sugar fluctuations
2.2. Contacting people was difficult as no phones existed
2.2.1. This was true until Alexander Graham Bell created the first telephone for communicating with people not within the same area
2.2.1.1. Created in Bradford, Ontario
2.2.1.1.1. Telephones evolved from simple landlines to a handheld device connecting every corner of the world
2.3. Auto mobiles were very expensive and only the richest could afford to own one
2.3.1. Henry Ford developed and manufactured the first car to be affordable to the middle class
2.3.1.1. This made cars less of a wonder or dream and more of an accessible mode of transportation
2.3.1.1.1. Nowadays, cars are owned by just about every citizen of most countries and is the most common form of transportation
2.4. Radio communication was used to broadcast information to the various areas of Canada
2.4.1. The first broadcast was on May 20th 1920 on the XWA station now known as CFCF in Montréal
2.5. Back in the 1920's, the snow was still an annoying issue just as it is today. Thus the snowblower was created
2.5.1. Arther Sicard created the snowblower in 1925 to remove snow
2.5.1.1. (See Image T3)
2.6. http://canadachannel.ca/canadianbirthdays/index.php?title=Arthur_Sicard&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile
3. Fashion
3.1. Hemlines were put above the knee which was unimaginable at the time
3.1.1. (See Image F1)
3.2. Hairstyles had a boyish look to them which was seen as fashionable then unlike the typical hairstyles women have today
3.2.1. (See Image F2)
3.3. Beauty parlours began to pop up more and more as women seemed to be gaining more freedom and independence in their choices
3.4. Some women lived very conformist lives which many Canadians considered to be too extreme for them
3.4.1. They were called "flappers"
3.4.1.1. They liked cursing, smoking cigarettes, drink alcohol, wear short clothes, fast cars and late night parties
3.5. A new dance called the Charleston which was premiered in a theatre show called Runnin' Wild.
3.5.1. May people said it was too hard for the average person to do but the flappers started to do the dance making it the new craze of the 1920's
3.5.1.1. (See Image F3)
4. Entertainment
4.1. The determination to party and have fun was used to forget the harsh war that ended and is also why the 1920's were given the name "The Roaring Twenties"
4.2. Canadian entertainment was heavily influenced by the US.
4.3. Hockey Night Canada was a Canadian radio broadcast that was first to have been watched by a lot of Canadians over Americans.
4.3.1. As the name of the channel implies, it was a broadcast that kept Canadians updated on their favourite sport of hockey
4.4. Jazz music was becoming more and more popular as the years went on
4.5. The Calgary Expedition & Stampede was a type of carnival which occurred almost every year
4.5.1. Many people enjoyed the carnival with its wagon racing, parades and rodeos
4.5.1.1. (See Image E1)
4.6. Canadian Entertainment In The Roaring Twenties
5. Arts & Culture
5.1. Thomas John "Tom" Thomson was an influential artist in the 1920's. He was heavily involved in forming the Group of Seven but passed away in an accident before it officially was made
5.1.1. (See Image A&C1)
5.2. The group of seven were a group of writers trying to capture the essence of Canada and also stray away from Britains literary style. Their names were...
5.2.1. Lawren Harris, Arthur Lismer, Franz Johnston, J.E.H. MacDonald, Frank Carmichael, A.Y. Jackson and F.H. Varley.
5.2.1.1. (See Image A&C2)
5.3. The Beaver Hall group was a collective bunch of approximately 350 men and women who liked painting the urban scenes and figurative pieces
5.4. Films of this time started to focus more on the fiction department to get its audiences imagination connecting with their movies.
5.5. Art in this time was more realistic and tried to portray real landscapes unlike modern art where it is more abstract and has no direct connection to the real world
5.5.1. (See Image A&C3)
5.6. Canadian Culture
5.7. Canadian Culture and Art in the 1920s
6. Economy and Politics
6.1. Mass production techniques were discovered and used
6.1.1. Reduced production costs
6.1.1.1. Lower prices for many things
6.1.1.1.1. More sales
6.2. Vehicle ownership rose to a high
6.2.1. Approximatley 300,000 owned cars before 1920's
6.2.2. Approximately 1.9 million owned cars after 1920's
6.3. Wheat Exports increased by 250% after WW1
6.3.1. This is because of Canada's wheat exports during the war
6.3.1.1. (See Image E&P1)
6.4. Coal was needed less as better and more efficient sources of energy were being found out
6.4.1. Coal mines typically in the Maritime provinces closed down and caused many coal miners to lose jobs
6.5. 42% of all manufacturing jobs in the Maritimes were lost due to the rapid production rates
6.6. United States economy also rose
6.6.1. Canada started building more trades with the Americans who were very close by
6.6.1.1. Imports and Exports from and to Britain lessened
7. Urbanization
7.1. More people were moving to cities and starting lives there instead of the farm life
7.1.1. As food practices became more efficient, less farmers were required
7.1.1.1. Thus, many gave up on being farmers and moved into the cities for manufacturing jobs typically.
7.2. Montreal's population grew by 38% Toronto's population grew by 32% Vancouver's population grew by 48%
7.3. Suburbs began becoming common with the access to automobiles.
7.3.1. People could live further from work so many started preferring to live in suburban homes with a grass lawn over the loud city
7.3.1.1. (See Image U1)
7.4. More modes of transportation were usable making distances easier to travel throughout the city
7.4.1. Auto mobiles
7.4.2. Streetcars
7.4.2.1. (See Image U2)
7.4.3. Trains
7.5. More factories opening up in the major cities
7.5.1. Provided a huge number of jobs for people but was still not a safe work environment
7.5.1.1. (See Image U3)
8. Prohibition
8.1. The action of forbidding something [alcohol in this case]
8.2. During the war. Prohibition was seen as a social sacrifice from the civilians while the soldiers fought over seas.
8.3. Alcohol was the root of many workers not doing their job or the source of a lot of misery
8.3.1. Because of this, prohibition was put into place to ban the drinks from ruining the working class
8.3.1.1. (See image P1)
8.4. Many people still wanted alcohol and would not let the law stop them
8.4.1. Booze was smuggled throughout the country.
8.4.2. Places known as speakeasies were hidden places where people could get alcohol without being caught.
8.5. Many women believed the prohibition was a good idea while many men did not agree
8.5.1. This was mainly because men were out working for long hours so they would want to drink and have fun but the alcohol makes them get uncontrollable
8.6. Not many people in Canada enjoyed the prohibition laws so they repealed against the governments choice.
8.6.1. One by one, provinces and territories removed the prohibition from their respected areas.
8.6.1.1. 1920 - British Columbia remove their prohibition
8.6.1.2. 1923 - Manitoba follows
8.6.1.3. 1924 - Alberta and Saskatchewan removes the ban on alcohol
8.6.1.4. 1925 - Newfoundland continues with the rest
8.6.1.5. 1927 - Ontario and New Brunswick end their prohibitions
8.6.1.6. 1930 - Nova Scotia caves in and removes the ban
8.6.1.7. 1948 - Prince Edward Island gives up and lifts their prohibition
8.7. Prohibition in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia
9. Canadian Women
9.1. Women were slowly being given the rights that men already had like voting in elections .
9.2. Their outfits were slightly more on the boyish side which was their em stylr which was
9.3. Women were allowed to work but if they got married they were no longer allowed to-work
9.4. Many women started trying to run for places in political parties
9.5. More women started getting jobs, typically in the sales department like store clerk or stenographers in offices
9.6. Women's Suffrage in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia
9.7. Canada A Country by Consent: The Roaring Twenties
10. Sports
10.1. Sports were used in the early 1920's to help bring people together after the harsh war by having them communicate with one another.
10.2. Typical sports for this time was hockey (duh), lacrosse, football, and baseball
10.3. Popularity of hockey rose rapidly in Canada making it the national sport
10.3.1. The NHL rose so rapidly in popularity that it branched out into the US
10.4. Canada participated in the olympics during the 1920's
10.4.1. 1920 summer olympics were very big in Canada and some medals were given to Canada because of their skill