1. The Anglo Saxons and Celts
1.1. Anglo Saxons England
1.1.1. Thought they were warriors
1.1.2. Farmers
1.1.3. Lived in small villages
1.1.4. Men and women shard the hard work
1.1.5. Skilled metal workers
1.1.6. Many of their sculptures, and jewllery have survived
1.1.7. Great story tellers
1.1.8. Suffered from Viking raids
1.1.9. Alfred The Great was an early ruler of the Anglo Saxons, he was able to fight the Vikings
1.1.9.1. Alfred The Great
1.1.10. After he died England would suffer Viking invaders until time of William The Conquerer
1.1.10.1. William The Conquerer
1.2. Celts
1.2.1. Lived on western and northern edge of British Isles
1.2.2. Nature worship of Druidism
1.2.3. Fought bloody battles kept slaves and made human sacrifices
1.2.4. Saint Patrick who became patron of Ireland brought Christianity and learning to Ireland
1.2.5. Had few cities
1.2.6. Had monastic communities on country side
1.2.7. Ireland was the greatest centre of learning until Charlemagne came.
1.2.8. They spread Christianity
1.2.9. Monks had to copy out books by hand
1.2.9.1. Monks
2. The Meditaranean World
2.1. The Meditaranean had everything to sustain large numbers of people
2.1.1. Had fertile soil, lots of rain, and a moderate climate
2.1.2. Plants grew well
2.1.3. Population grew rapidly
2.2. Had a great transportation route
2.2.1. Because it had a great transportation route people traveled and brought ideas and technology
2.3. Greeks and Romans
2.3.1. They were the most important civilizations
2.3.2. Greeks made advancements in art, architecture, drama, literature, and medicine
2.3.3. Alexander The Great conquered many land and spread Greek culture
2.3.3.1. Alexander The Great
2.3.4. Greeks fell to the Romans in around 150 B.C.E.
2.3.5. Romans admired Greek art, and architecture
2.3.6. Romans were good organizers, they build aqueducts, road networks, and military organizers
3. The Romans
3.1. The Fall
3.1.1. They fell in 410 c.e.
3.1.2. The Roman Empire was taken over by the Goths
3.1.2.1. Goths: Germanic Civilization
3.1.3. Only Constantinople remained strong
3.2. After the fall
3.2.1. Roman/Greek civilizations lost for centuries
3.2.2. Roman art, architecture, drama, literature, sports, philosophy, laws, and government wold all be reborn centuries later
3.2.3. After the fall Europe was in a period Romans called barbarous
3.2.4. Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Goths, Vandals, Lombards, and Franks invaded
3.3. Who are they?
3.3.1. Under the Romans rule culture flourished
3.3.2. Copied Greek art and architechure
3.3.3. They were highly literate people
3.3.4. Spoke Latin
3.3.5. Developed code of laws
3.4. Legacy
3.4.1. Code of laws
3.4.2. Protected people
3.4.3. Medicine
3.4.4. Arcitechure
4. The Franks
4.1. Summary
4.1.1. The Franks were farmers but they loved to make war, as the Roman Empire was falling they took over most of Gaul. Frank means free.
4.1.1.1. Gaul: modern day France
4.2. Merovingians
4.2.1. Royal Family of the Franks
4.2.2. Clovis was the most sucessfull of his family he reigned from 481 C.E. to 511 C.E. he founded France and made Paris it capital
4.2.3. After Clovis died the kingdom was divided for his children who were bad rulers
4.2.4. the Merovingian family was weakened by constant infighting; eventually the kingdom fell into chaos
4.2.5. The Merovingians were known for killing
4.2.6. Ruled Franks for 300 years
4.3. Laws
4.3.1. Their code of law was called the Salic Code, named after Salian Franks who settled in France
4.3.1.1. Salian Franks
4.3.2. If a person was injured, killed, or stolen from a fine called a wergild had to be paid
4.3.3. In case of a murder the victims family could accept the payment, or demand the murders death
4.4. Life
4.4.1. 60% of the Franks population were serfs or peasants
4.4.2. Serfs and peasants were not slaves. they worked on lords manors
4.4.3. Serfs were farmers
4.4.4. Storms or droughts could make hardships for serfs
4.4.5. Lords could steal serfs crops at any time
4.4.6. Franks had 2 social classes some were very rich, some very poor
5. Charlemagne
5.1. Goal
5.1.1. He wanted to rebuild civilization
5.1.2. He wanted things to be better for serfs
5.1.3. He wanted to revive architecture
5.2. Summary
5.2.1. Charlemagne came to power in 768 as the ruler of the Carolingians
5.2.1.1. Carolingians: Ruled by Charlamagne
5.2.2. His father over threw the merovingians
5.2.2.1. Merovingians: first rulers of the Franks
5.2.3. Crowned emperor of Romans in 800 by pope Leo
5.2.4. Build monasteries and schools
5.2.5. Died at age 72, he ruled for 42 years
5.2.6. After he died everything fell apart
5.2.7. After defeating Saxons in a long battle, he ordered men to kill 4 000 Saxons because they would not convert to christianity.
5.2.7.1. Saxons: Farmers and skilled metal workers
5.2.8. Wanted to spread christianity
6. The Vikings
6.1. Reputation
6.1.1. Destructive
6.1.2. People tried to defend against them but the vikings were to strong
6.1.3. People feared them, they thought the Vikings were sent down by god to punish them.
6.1.4. Killed or enslaved anyone
6.1.5. In England, the English would pay the vikings to leave their lands alone
6.1.6. French paid up to 300-15 000 kilograms of silver
6.1.7. Few could fight the vikings effectively
6.2. Life
6.2.1. Vikings were farmers
6.2.2. Vikings were fishermen
6.2.3. Lived in small villages close to the sea
6.2.4. Came from Norway, Sweden, Denmark
6.2.5. Raided because of limited farmland in homeland
6.2.6. Lived where they could find or grow food
6.2.7. Men and women shared hard work
6.2.8. Women had many rights
6.2.9. Viking land owners owned slaves called Thralls
6.2.9.1. Slaves called Thralls
6.2.10. Thralls had no rights and could be killed by owners
6.2.11. Had rich culture
6.2.12. Were skilled woodworkers and smiths
6.2.13. Keepers of Viking legends and history were called Skalds
6.2.14. Stories and legends passed down by speaking
6.3. Laws/Government
6.3.1. Great law makers
6.3.2. Made laws to protect people and their property
6.3.3. Laws were not written down
6.3.4. Fined criminals, dangerous offenders were punished more harshly
6.3.5. If declared outlaw anyone could kill you at any time, you were considered dead
6.3.6. Someone who killed an outlaw was given a piece of his or her property
6.3.6.1. An outlaw is a person who is treated under the law
6.4. Fall
6.4.1. Viking age ended in 11th century
6.4.2. English monarchs gave half of England to the vikings
6.4.3. King of France gave The Viking Rollo Normandy
6.4.4. Viking settlements in Greenland and North America were destroyed
6.4.5. People of Norway and Denmark became Christian
6.4.6. By the middle of the 11th century there were no more attacks
6.5. Who did they attack?
6.5.1. They attacked almost everyone from Russia to Italy, to Spain, to Constantinople