PHONETICS

1. The American Vowels

1.1. Vowels

1.1.1. Long vowels : /ei/,/i/,/aɪ/,/oʊ/,/u/

1.1.2. Short vowels : /æ/,/ɛ/,/ɪ/,/a/,/ʌ/

1.2. Front vowels : /i/,/ɪ/,/ei/,/ɛ/,/æ/

1.3. Central vowels:/ər/, /ʌ/, /ə/, /ɑ/

1.4. Back vowels:/u/, /ʊ/, /oʊ/, /ɔ/

2. The American L & R

2.1. The /l/ sound

2.2. /l/ sound after long vowels

2.3. The /l/ sound

3. Continuant Consonants and Sibilant Sounds

3.1. Continuant Consonants: /θ/, /ð/, /f/, /v/

3.2. Sibilant Sounds: /s/, /z/, /f/, /ʒ/, /tʃ /, /dʒ/

4. Word Stress and Sentence Stress

4.1. WORD STRESS: + Compound noun: up-down + Adjective + Noun: down-up + Phrasal verbs

4.2. SENTENCE STRESS: +Content words: in strong forms +Function words: in strong forms

5. Syllable Stress

5.1. Stressed syllable in general

5.2. Vowel Changes

5.3. _ate ending

5.4. Shift in stress

5.5. Dropping syllable

6. Voiced and Voiceless Consonants

6.1. Voiced consonants : b,d,g,j,m,n,r,v,w,y,z

6.2. Voiceless consonants: f,h,c/k,p,s,t,x

7. Stop consonants

7.1. Voiced: p, t, k

7.2. Voiceless: b, d, g

8. Word Connection And Contractions

8.1. CONTRACTIONS -To be contractions Have/ has contractions -Will contractions -Casual contractions -Casual vs formal speech -Can vs can’t

8.2. CONNECTING: -Consonant + Vowel -Consonant + Consonant -Vowel + Vowel: + /t/ + /j/ = /tʃ/ + /d/ + /j/ = /dʒ/ + /s/ + /j/ = /ʃ/ + /z/ + /j/ = /ʒ/

9. INTONATION

9.1. -RISING INTONATION -FALLING INTONATION AND WAVERING INTONATION

10. New Topic