Crowdsourcing (CS)

1. What is Crowdsourcing?

1.1. Definition

1.2. Different Types of Crowdsourcing

1.2.1. Microtasking

1.2.2. Macrotasking

1.2.3. Crowdfunding

1.2.4. Contests

1.2.5. Paid vs. Unpaid and Commerical vs. Non-Profit

2. Related Terminologies

2.1. Co-creation

2.2. Open Innovation

2.3. Citizen Science

2.4. Collective Intelligence

2.5. Human Computation

2.6. Outsourcing

3. Origins of Crowdsourcing

3.1. Participatory Culture

3.1.1. "ridiculously easy group forming" - Shirkey (someone else's quote)

3.2. Reputation Economy

3.3. Open-Source Software

3.4. Commerical

3.4.1. Ex. Amazon Mechanical Turk and Crowdflower

3.5. LIS World

3.6. Jeff Howe, Clay Shirkey, James Surowaki (wisdom of the crowd)

4. Benefits to Libraries

4.1. Engagement/Relationship Building

4.1.1. transparency

4.2. Augment Staff

4.3. Process Info Quickly

4.4. Diversity of Viewpoint

5. Benefits to Participants/Patrons

5.1. Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivations in a Free Choice Environment

5.2. Cognitive Surplus

5.3. Giving Back

5.4. Sharing/Participating

5.5. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

6. Pitfalls

6.1. Scale

6.2. Social Engagement vs. Crowdsourcing (CS)

6.3. Barriers to Recruitment & Participation

6.4. QC/Accuracy & Oversight

6.5. Not Everyone Suitable for Ideation

6.6. "Innovator's Dilemma"

6.7. Paradigm Shift for Librarians (experts)

7. Implementation: What Does the Literature Say?

7.1. Requirements for Successful Implementation

7.1.1. Lessons from Wikipedia

7.2. Focus on "Lead User"

8. New Directions for CS [in Libraries]

8.1. Purposeful Gaming

8.2. Wikipedia: General Shift from Content Creation to curation activities

9. How Libraries Are Using CS

9.1. Information Retrieval

9.1.1. Transcription/Resolution of OCR Errors

9.1.2. Classification/Tagging

9.1.3. Fixing Biblographic Errors

9.2. Ideation

9.2.1. Feedback/Problem Solving & Service Planning

9.3. Content Creation

9.4. Sharing/Engagment

10. How I Used CS for this Paper

10.1. Tweeps

10.2. Course Website

10.3. Collaborate Function on Mindmeister

11. For More Information

11.1. Conferences

11.2. Software

11.2.1. Scripto (Transcription)

11.2.2. NCSU's OSS Lentil

12. Possible Examples

12.1. Wikipedia / WikiProjects

12.2. Open Street Map

12.3. Library of Congress & Flickr Commons (Tagging)

12.4. The Metadata Games OSS Project (Tagging)

12.5. NYPL's What's on the Menu (Transcription)

12.6. InnoCentive

13. Why the Board Needs to Know about CS

13.1. Utility & Engagement

13.2. Implications for Variety of Fields

13.2.1. Technology/Engineering/Industry

13.2.2. Publishing (books, e-books, and news)

13.2.3. Social Services

13.2.4. Government

13.2.5. Research (data collection & user studies)

13.2.6. Ethics & Global Workforce Issues: "the new sewing machine"