19th c. Nationalism & Revolutions

1. Revolts of early 19th century

1.1. Slave rebellion started to arise because they did not like how they were being treated

1.2. Was the start of countries to rebel against each other for freedom

1.3. Some of these rebellions were the last battles that had happened between their countries

2. Italian Unification

2.1. The political and social movement that consolidated states of the Italian peninsula into single states of the Kingdom of Italy.

2.2. Believed to start in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna and end of Napoleonic rule, completed in 1871.

2.3. Some states didn't join until after World War I with the Treaty of Saint-Germain.

3. German Unification

3.1. January 18, 1871 at the Versailles Palace in the Hall of Mirrors in France.

3.2. Occurred after the Franco-Prussian war.

3.3. The unification exposed the new nation to religious, social, cultural, and linguistic tension.

4. Romanticism

4.1. An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century.

4.2. The peak of Romanticism was from 1800 to 1850.

4.3. It was characterized in the emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of the past and nature.

5. Realism

5.1. Realism in arts is the attempt to represent matter truthfully.

5.2. Realism movement in France began in the 1850s after the 1848 Revolution through paintings.

5.3. Realist painters rejected Romanticism.

6. Liberalism

6.1. Created by John Locke

6.2. Inspired Thomas Paine's Common Sense and the beginning the American Revolution

6.3. Inspired Montesquieu during the Age of Enlightenment

7. Nationalism

7.1. Gave the people of France the will to fight during the French Revolution

7.2. This was the main idea that made the American Revolution possible

7.3. This idea developed people to become passionate about their country

8. Socialism

8.1. Was the inspiration for Karl Marx to develop Marxism

8.2. Gave Albert Einstein the idea to go against modern physics with his theory of relativity

8.3. Helen Keller was a long term member of the socialist party and supported their ideas

9. French Revolution Pt II ...Pt III?

9.1. The French Revolution started many revolts in other countries

9.2. Different people looked at what was happening in France and agreed with the ideas

9.3. Was the start of the birth of many third world countries

10. 19th century science

10.1. The rail roads were established and built.

10.2. Darwinism theory was developed.

10.3. Einstein's theory of the physical world challenged Newton's theory of world order.