1. French
1.1. Poor conditions in mid 1840s
1.2. Very limited suffrage due to Louis Phillippe
1.3. Gov't banned assemblies for political protest
1.3.1. Banning of a "Banquet" led to major protest
1.3.2. Civilian National Guard sided with protesters
1.4. King Louis Phillippe resigned
1.4.1. A Provisional Gov't was put in place
1.4.1.1. Radical Protesters convinced the gov't to pass socialist programs
1.4.1.2. Programs were unsuccessful
1.4.1.2.1. Caused more agitation
1.5. In June, new Constitution was drawn up
1.5.1. Had first election with universal male suffrage
1.5.1.1. Louis Napoleon won, claiming to be liberal
1.6. President Louis Napoleon rid gov't of socialists/ism
1.6.1. Declared himself Emperor Napoleon III
2. Italian
2.1. Economy was based on agriculture
2.1.1. Instability led to food riots in the 1840s
2.2. 12 January, Sicilians demanded provisional gov't
2.2.1. Wanted separate gov't from mainland
2.2.2. King Ferdinand II resisted
2.2.2.1. Full revolts broke out
2.2.2.2. Ferdinand was driven out of Sicily
2.2.2.3. Provisional Gov't was allowed
2.3. War with Austrians continued
2.3.1. Leaders of Italians withdrew or were defeated
2.4. Oppressive Italian Leaders fled
2.4.1. Roman Republic was established
2.5. Roman Republic was liberal succeptable to price inflation
2.6. French and Austrians defeated the Roman Republic in 1849
3. German
3.1. May 1848:
3.1.1. Goal: To create a unified, liberal, and constitutionally governed Germany
3.1.2. German nationalists met at Frankfurt Assembly
3.2. December 1848:
3.2.1. Assembly issued Declaration of the Rights of the German people
3.2.1.1. Based on Declarations of the Rights of Man
3.2.1.2. Based on Declaration of Independence
3.2.1.3. Nationalist : Proclaimed the rights of Germans only
3.3. 1849
3.3.1. Assembly offered Germany to Frederick William IV
3.3.1.1. Turned offer down
3.3.2. Assembly accomplished nothing
3.3.2.1. Germany remained fragmented