1. Inflection
1.1. not change category
1.2. not create new lexemes
1.3. changes the form of lexemes
1.4. they fit into different grammatical contexts
1.5. grammatical meaning
1.5.1. Number (singular vs. plural)
1.5.2. person (first, second, third)
1.5.3. tense (past, present, future)
1.5.4. other distinctions
1.6. Inflection in English
1.6.1. Singular
1.6.1.1. cat, mouse, ox, child
1.6.2. Plural
1.6.2.1. cats, mice, oxen, children
1.6.3. Nouns
1.6.3.1. singular non-possessive
1.6.3.1.1. mother child
1.6.3.2. singular possessive
1.6.3.2.1. mother's child's
1.6.3.3. plural non-possessive
1.6.3.3.1. mothers childs
1.6.3.4. plural possessive
1.6.3.4.1. mothers' childs'
1.6.4. Pronouns
1.6.4.1. singular subject
1.6.4.1.1. I
1.6.4.1.2. You
1.6.4.1.3. He/She/It
1.6.4.2. singular object
1.6.4.2.1. Me
1.6.4.2.2. You
1.6.4.2.3. Him/Her/It
1.6.4.3. singular possessive
1.6.4.3.1. My
1.6.4.3.2. Your
1.6.4.3.3. His/Her/its
1.6.4.4. plural subject
1.6.4.4.1. We
1.6.4.4.2. You
1.6.4.4.3. They
1.6.4.5. plural object
1.6.4.5.1. Us
1.6.4.5.2. You
1.6.4.5.3. Them
1.6.4.6. plural possessive
1.6.4.6.1. Our
1.6.4.6.2. Your
1.6.4.6.3. Thier
1.6.5. Verbs
1.6.6. Perfect
1.6.7. Passive voice
1.6.8. Irregular noun plurals/Irregular verb forms
1.6.8.1. Irregular Noun plurals = foot > feet
1.6.8.2. Irregular verb forms = Sing>Sang>Sung
1.7. Paradigms
1.7.1. all of the different inflectional forms of a particular lexeme or class of lexemes
1.7.2. inflectional classes
1.7.2.1. one group of nouns or verbs to another
1.7.3. Suppletion
1.7.3.1. relationships between inflected forms in a paradigm.
1.7.3.2. one or more of the inflected forms of a lexeme is built on a base
1.7.3.3. Ex.
1.7.3.3.1. go
1.8. Inflection and productivity
1.9. Inflection versus derivation revisited
2. Derivation
2.1. Word classes and conversion
2.1.1. adjective, noun, verb
2.1.2. parts of speech
2.1.2.1. traditional terminology
2.1.3. lexical categories
2.1.3.1. contemporary linguists
2.2. Adverbs derived from adjectives
2.3. Nouns derived from nouns
2.4. Nouns derived from members of other word classes
2.5. Adjectives derived from adjectives
2.6. Adjectives derived from members of other word classes
2.7. Verbs derived from verbs
2.8. Verbs derived from members of other word classes
3. Words and word formation process
3.1. Conversion
3.1.1. the extension of the use of one word from its original grammatical category to another category
3.1.1.1. A change of paradigm.
3.1.2. the change of function of the word.
3.1.2.1. Ex. Bag – to bag
3.2. Borrowing
3.2.1. Latin
3.2.1.1. interim, memorandum, agenda, p.m., a.m., sponsor
3.2.2. Greek
3.2.2.1. pneumonia, panorama, psychoanalysis, psychology, python
3.2.3. French
3.2.3.1. bureau, café, chauffeur, abattoir, attaché, a la cart
3.2.4. Sanskrit
3.2.4.1. chakra, mahatma, nirvana, musk
3.2.5. Hindi
3.2.5.1. avatar, bungalow, jungle, pajamas
3.2.6. Ways of borrowing
3.2.6.1. Through oral speech
3.2.6.2. Through written speech
3.2.7. Types of borrowing
3.2.7.1. Direct borrowing
3.2.7.2. Indirect / Less direct borrowing
3.3. Back-formation
3.3.1. word is formed from another word by taking off looks like a typical affix in the language.
3.3.1.1. Ex. burgle from burglar
3.4. Types of words
3.4.1. Abstract Nouns
3.4.1.1. aggress v. ←aggression n.
3.4.2. Agential Nouns
3.4.2.1. edit v. ←editor n.
3.4.3. Adjectives
3.4.3.1. drowse v. ←drowsy adj.
3.5. Compounding
3.5.1. post + card → postcard
3.5.2. Every + Day=Everyday
3.5.3. Store + House = Storehouse
3.6. Coinage
3.6.1. invention of totally new words.
3.7. Clipping
3.7.1. the formation of new words
3.7.2. cutting a part off the orginal
3.7.3. using what remains intead
3.7.4. Ex. dub←double
3.8. Eponyms
3.8.1. A word based on or derived from proper names or things
3.8.2. Ex. Sandwich, Celcius
3.9. Extension as Metaphor
3.10. Acronyms
3.10.1. Ex. GPA =Grade Point Average
3.11. Blending
3.11.1. of combining two words to form a new word.
3.11.1.1. Ex. smoke + fog → smog
4. Sound and shapes : The interface between morphology and phonology
4.1. Morpheme boundaries
4.1.1. Make up the word
4.1.2. A free stem and a suffix are joined
4.2. Verbal prefix boundaries
4.3. Word boundaries
4.4. The velar softening and -ic
4.5. Word and syllable boundaries
4.6. The remaining of paradoxes
5. What is Morphology
5.1. The study of words and word formation.
5.2. What’s a word
5.2.1. one or more morphemes that can stand alone in a language.
5.3. Morpheme
5.3.1. The smallest unit of language that has its own meaning.
5.4. Simple word
5.4.1. only one morpheme
5.4.1.1. Ex. Giraffe,Just etc.
5.5. Complex word
5.5.1. more than one morpheme
5.5.1.1. Ex. Opposittion, Intellectual etc.
5.6. Word tokens
5.6.1. count every instance in which a word occurs in a sentence,
5.7. Word types
5.7.1. count a word once, no matter how many times it occurs in a sentence
5.8. lexeme, Single lexeme
5.8.1. count by using a thought of families of words that differ only in their grammatical endings or grammatical forms
5.8.2. singular and plural forms of a noun
5.8.2.1. class, classes
5.8.3. present, past and participle forms of verbs
5.8.3.1. walk, walks, walked, walking
5.8.4. different forms of a pronoun
5.8.4.1. I, me, my, mine
5.9. Words Formation
5.9.1. create new words and understand new words
5.9.1.1. Prefixes
5.9.1.1.1. The words is used to prefix the main word. (root word)
5.9.1.2. Suffixes
5.9.1.2.1. Is a word or part of a word behind
5.9.1.3. Affix
5.9.1.3.1. Prefix+Suffix
6. Morpheme and their compositions
6.1. Free morpheme
6.1.1. can stand alone (Simple word)
6.1.1.1. Ex. the, run, on, well
6.1.2. lexical morphemes
6.1.2.1. n., v., adj. and adv. = “Content words”
6.1.2.1.1. Noun
6.1.2.1.2. Verb
6.1.2.1.3. Adj.
6.1.2.1.4. Adv.
6.1.3. functional msorpheme
6.1.3.1. articles, prep., conj., quantifiers and pron. = “Function words”
6.1.3.1.1. Articles
6.1.3.1.2. Prep.
6.1.3.1.3. Pronoun
6.1.3.1.4. Conj.
6.1.3.1.5. Quantifiers
6.2. Bound morpheme
6.2.1. cannot stand alone
6.2.1.1. Ex. pre-, dis-, in-, un-, -ful,
6.3. Bound base morphemes
6.3.1. not meaningful in isolation but have meaning when combined with other morphemes
6.4. Morphs
6.4.1. realize phonetic realization of morphemes.
6.4.1.1. books = (book + s)
6.4.1.1.1. /S/
6.4.1.2. bags =(bag+ z)
6.4.1.2.1. /z/
6.4.1.3. brushes = (brush + әz)
6.4.1.3.1. /әz/
6.5. Allomorph
6.5.1. Different forms of the same morpheme
6.5.1.1. [z]
6.5.1.2. [s]
6.5.1.2.1. Ex. The phural morpheme
6.5.1.3. [әz]
7. Lexeme formation: affixes
7.1. What is affix?
7.1.1. Attached before or after the form
7.1.2. Affixation
7.1.2.1. Word formation rules
7.1.2.2. Word structure
7.1.2.3. What do affixes mean?
7.1.2.3.1. Transpositional affixes
7.1.2.3.2. personal affixes
7.1.2.3.3. Negative and privative affixes
7.1.2.3.4. Prepositional and relational affixes
7.1.2.3.5. Quantitative affixes
7.1.2.3.6. evaluative affixes
7.1.2.4. To divide or not divide?
7.2. A root morpheme
7.2.1. The basic form/ the basic meaning of the word
7.2.1.1. Ex. Doers = root is do.
7.3. Derivational morphemes
7.3.1. added to forms to create separate words
7.3.1.1. Ex. Painter= Derivation suffix is {-er}
7.4. Inflectional morphemes
7.4.1. Do not create separate words