12. Modifications: *Breaking tasks into smaller parts; limit amount of information on worksheets etc.
13. Modifications, example ADHD: *Allowing extra time for these students to shift from one activity or environment to the next. *Teaching specific techniques for organizing thoughts and materials. *Allowing extra time for finishing assignments or for testing. *For more complex activities, simplifying steps to make them more manageable. *Seating student close to the teacher and away from any peers that might be distracting. *Posting a daily and weekly schedule that clearly delineates each activity. These schedules can then be used as prompts to direct the student back on task. *Keeping unstructured time at a minimum.
14. Assistive Technology: *depends heavily on needs of the individual
15. Modifications: *Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements *Focusing Instruction on development of gross and fine motor skills *Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices
16. Assistive Technology: *Devices to Access Information: focus on aiding the student to access the educational material. These devices include: -speech recognition software -screen reading software -augmentative and alternative communication devices (such as communication boards) -academic software packages for students with disabilities *Devices for Positioning and Mobility: focus on helping the student participate in educational activities. These devices include: -canes -walkers -crutches -wheelchairs -specialized exercise equipment -specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development
17. Modifications: *Depends heavily on individual *Reciprocal/peer tutoring
18. Assistive Technology: *Handheld personal computer, including software such as the Visual Assistant (teachers and service providers can program a number of different skill sets and instructions to be accessible to the student at any time)
19. Modifications: *If possible, teaching one concept or activity component at a time *If possible, teaching students in small groups, or one-on-one, if possible *Providing multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings *Using physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and providing specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses
20. Assistive Technology: *learning software that can tailor content to address the interests of the student; instruction can be adapted to meet the needs of the individual.
21. Modifications: *Best practices for students with emotional disorders are often best practices for all students, e.g. consistent and specific praise is a great technique to utilize with all students in the classroom, but can be particularly effective with students with emotional disorders.
23. Case Study: http://images.pearsonassessments.com/images/ca/rti/downloads/Ellie.pdf
24. Case Study: http://images.pearsonassessments.com/images/ca/rti/downloads/Megan.pdf
25. Autism
26. Deaf-Blindness
27. Deafness
28. Hearing Impairment
29. Speech or Language Impairment
30. Visual Impairment, including Blindness
31. Modifications: *Substitute oral assignments with written papers *Modify grading based on speech impairment *Give student time to speak
32. Assistive Technology: *AAC (Augmentive or Alternative Communication, includes sign language and various communication boards, both manual and electronic) *Software, e.g. First Words, a language program that has a number of applications for teaching those who are developing or reacquiring language functions
33. Modifications: *Allow for time-outs as necessary *Provide a variety of instructions and options for students to chose from, e.g. written and verbal instructions, visual supports
34. Assistive Technology: *Augmentative communication techniques, can include sign language, picture symbols, electronic communication devices, and even computer programs and video modeling
35. Modifications: *Symbolic Communication: Touch cues Object symbols Sign language Gestures Picture symbols Fingerspelling Signed English Braille American Sign Language Lip-reading speech Pidgin Signed English Tadoma method of speech reading Large print
37. Modifications: *Depending on student's level of visual functioning: access to instructional material in appropriate media (e.g. Braille, large print texts, etc.)
38. Assistive Technology: *Depending on student's level of visual functioning: Braille display, converters, and notetakers; *Screen reader, talking calculators *Magnifiers
39. Modification: *Manual communication *Using amplification systems *Assistance of note-taker or interpreter *Visual instruction
40. Assistive Technology: *Hearing Aids and Auditory Training Devices *Computer programs
41. Modification: *Visual instruction *Manual communication *Assistance of note-taker or interpreter
42. Assistive Technology: *Computer programs, converting speech into written text *TDD (Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf)
43. Modification: *Emotional Delay: prepare in advance for change of routine; provide positive reinforcement (Verbal, stickers, chart) *Mental Delay: simplify worksheets; repeat instructions, provide different activities
44. Assistive Technology: *depends on individual needs
45. Case Study: http://www.emstac.org/registered/topics/autism/case.htm
