1. Esophagus
1.1. REGURGITATION
1.1.1. Belly's chair
1.2. circopharungeus m.
1.2.1. forms a stong band of straited m.
1.2.2. prevent refluxs to pharynx
1.3. slight NEGATIVE PRESSURE
1.3.1. peristalsis
1.4. Esophageal Sphincter
1.4.1. upper
1.4.2. lower
1.4.2.1. kept tightly
1.4.2.2. prevent stomachcontents & acid from entering esophagus
1.4.2.3. Relaxation
1.4.2.3.1. VIP
1.5. GASTRIN
1.5.1. keep the sphincter m. tightly shut
2. Stomach
2.1. additional smooth m. layer
2.2. greater increase mixing activites
2.3. distension of fundus
2.4. pyloric sphincter
2.4.1. quickly contracts again before the peristalsis wave has been complete
2.4.2. chyme
2.4.2.1. liquid material
2.4.2.2. solid matereial in chyme hit pylorus
2.4.2.2.1. shunted back toward fundus
2.4.2.2.2. dietary fat form emultions
2.4.3. rate of emptying of stomach
3. vagal parasympathetic
3.1. efferent
3.2. afferent
4. local ENS neurons
5. ENS
5.1. finction from esophagus to anus
5.2. 2 layers of nerve cell bodies
5.2.1. submucosal plexus ( Meissner's )
5.2.2. myenteric plexus ( Auerbach's )
5.3. extend sensory fibers to
5.3.1. secretory
5.3.2. apsorptive
5.3.3. enteroendocrine cells ( lumen of guts )
5.4. efferent
5.4.1. neurotransmitters
5.4.1.1. Ach
5.4.1.2. NE
5.4.1.3. D2
6. Duodenum
6.1. most chym enters
6.1.1. distension of duodenum
6.2. hormones
6.2.1. synthesized by endocrine cells in the upper duodenum
6.2.1.1. CCK
6.2.1.1.1. cholecystokinin
6.2.1.1.2. response to fats & amino acid
6.2.1.2. secretin
6.2.1.2.1. response to reduction in pH
7. intestine
8. medulla
9. ANS
9.1. from esophagus to end of descending colon
9.2. CN X
9.3. caaies parasym efferent fibers ---> GI
9.4. parasympayhetic nervous system
9.4.1. efferent pathway
9.4.1.1. preganglionic parasympathetic neuron
9.4.1.1.1. in medulla
9.4.1.1.2. from esophagus to ascending colon
9.4.1.2. postganglionic parasympathetic neuron
9.4.1.2.1. in myenteric & submucosal plexus
9.4.1.2.2. from descending colon to anus
9.4.1.2.3. ACh receptor is muscarinic receptor
9.4.1.2.4. preganglionic parasympathetic axon
9.5. Sympathetic nervous system ( splanchnic nerve )
9.5.1. preganglionic neuron
9.5.1.1. in spinal cord between T1 & L2
9.5.1.2. release ACh
9.5.2. postganglionic neuron
9.5.2.1. release NE
9.5.3. junction of pre & post
9.5.3.1. celiac ganglion
10. Vomitting
10.1. bile stain
10.2. gastric juice
11. sacral parasympathetics
12. the junction of ganglion found in the wall of organ
12.1. between pre & post
12.1.1. interacts with receptors ( nicotinic receptor )