Theories

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Theories 저자: Mind Map: Theories

1. Technological Theories

1.1. MEDIA ECOLOGY

1.1.1. Technology influences society and controls all walks of life.

1.1.2. Study of how human perception and understanding are affected by media and communication.

1.1.3. Media acts as extension of human senses in each of the four eras (Tribal, Literate, Print, Electronic).

1.1.4. Media is part of every aspect of society.

1.1.5. Communication technology is the main cause of social change.

1.1.6. Notion of global village.

1.2. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY (SCOT)

1.2.1. Technology doesn't determine human behaviour; human behaviour shapes technology.

1.2.2. Understanding of technology depends on context it is being used in and function it is serving (interpretive flexibility).

1.2.3. Technology design can be related to what is going on in the world or in the environment it is designed for.

1.2.4. Helps one analyze the reasons certain technologies fail or succeed.

1.2.5. Over time, technologies collapse as the need for them collapses.

2. TPACK

2.1. Stands for TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE.

2.2. Framework that identifies the knowledge teachers need to teach with technology effectively.

2.3. Technology (TK), Pedagogy (PK), and Content (CK) aren't viewed just in isolation, but also in terms of how they overlap.

2.3.1. Produce four more knowledge bases applicable to teaching with technology.

2.3.1.1. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)

2.3.1.2. Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)

2.3.1.3. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)

2.3.1.4. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)

2.4. Effective integration of technology & pedagogy w/ content requires sensitivity to the dynamic and overlapping relationship among components of knowledge in certain contexts.

2.5. Every teaching/learning situation is different therefore no single combination of technology, content, and pedagogy will apply to every teacher, course, or teaching philosophy.

2.6. Is where subject knowledge, teaching knowledge, and technology knowledge intersect.

2.6.1. Result: teacher can seamlessly make technological and pedagogical choices to show content expertise.

3. Educational Theories

3.1. CONNECTIVISM

3.1.1. Knowledge exists in the world rather than in the mind of an individual.

3.1.2. Focused on learning, not knowing.

3.1.3. Knowledge is sought out and accessed by learners as opposed to being stored and memorized.

3.1.3.1. This fact makes connectivism especially well suited for the digital age.

3.1.4. Focused on building connections and creating a network of resources.

3.1.5. Core skill = seeing connections between concepts, ideas, and fields.

3.1.6. Decision making is a learning process in itself.

3.1.7. Access to current and up-to-date information is important.

3.1.8. Students learn to understand the shifting nature of knowledge.

3.1.8.1. What's right today may not be right tomorrow.

3.2. CONSTRUCTIVISM

3.2.1. People create and draw meaning from a series of personal connotations and constructs.

3.2.2. Student experiences an environment first-hand.

3.2.2.1. Gives the student reliable and trustworthy knowledge.

3.2.3. Student is self-directed, creative, and innovative.

3.2.3.1. Responsibility for learning lies with the student.

3.2.4. Acknowledges and rewards uniqueness and complexity of the student.

3.2.4.1. Background and culture of student is made important.

3.2.5. Successful completion of challenging tasks improves confidence and motivates student to move onto more complex issues.

3.2.6. Instructor's role is facilitator. Supports student in becoming an effective thinker.

3.2.7. Learning is an active, social, collaborative process.

3.2.8. Interaction between instructor, student, and task at hand is dynamic.

3.3. COGNITIVE LOAD

3.3.1. Based on notion of working memory and the load it bears during instruction.

3.3.1.1. All information must be processed before effective and meaningful learning can proceed.

3.3.2. Involves problem solving, thinking, and reasoning skills.

3.3.3. Builds on existing knowledge.

3.3.4. Reduces learning time and enhances performance.

3.3.5. Reducing the total cognitive load of information that is to be learned increases the amount of working memory available to attend to the learning process.

4. Philosophy of Teachnology

4.1. A teacher's personal philosophy about how they use technology as a means of teaching.

4.2. Takes philosophy of teaching and adds personal views about the role of technology in the classroom when teaching/promoting learning.