1. Canada and the World
1.1. International Organizations
1.1.1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1.1.1.1. NATO
1.1.1.2. Formed 1949
1.1.1.3. Created because Berlin Blockade
1.1.1.4. Mutual defense of member nations
1.1.2. Warsaw pact
1.1.2.1. Soviet response to NATO
1.1.2.2. Formed 1955
1.1.2.3. Defensive Alliance for Soviet and Satellites
1.1.3. United Nations
1.1.3.1. UN
1.1.4. La Francophonie
1.1.4.1. France, Belgium, Canada Switzerland
1.1.4.2. Link between French colonies
1.1.4.3. Facilitate trade and cultural exchanges
1.1.4.4. Provide aid to French speaking countries in need
1.1.5. North American Aerospace Command
1.1.5.1. NORAD
1.1.5.2. Formed 1957
1.1.5.3. Air defense forces of USA and Canada under joint command
1.1.5.4. Protected Canada and USA from USSR
2. Canadian and American Relations
2.1. Economic Ties
2.1.1. Strong economic ties between Canada and USA
2.1.2. Auto Pact
2.1.3. Over 70% of Canadian products sold in US
2.1.4. Growing US influence in Canada
2.2. Entertainment Industry
2.2.1. Canadian content laws
2.2.2. Tax breaks and grants for arts
2.2.2.1. US doesn't like
2.3. Foreign Investment review Agency
2.3.1. Oversight of foreign companies in Canada
2.3.2. Protect Canadian industries
2.4. NORAD
2.4.1. Phases out bomarcs and nuclear warheads
2.5. Canadarm
2.5.1. Contract with NASA
2.5.2. 15m long robotic arm
2.5.3. Uses less electricity than toaster
2.5.4. NASA buys 1st, then buying 4 more that cost $600 million for Canada
2.5.5. Debut in 1981
2.5.6. Does not malfunction
2.6. Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI)
2.6.1. Defensive umbrella over Canada
2.6.2. Upsets USSR
2.6.3. Comes back in 2000
2.6.4. Tension between Canada and US because Canada did not accept being part of SDI
2.7. Pacific Salmon Wars
2.7.1. Who owns fish off west coast?
2.7.1.1. Pacific Salmon Treaty
2.7.1.1.1. Agreement to stop overfishing
2.7.1.1.2. Ends in 1997
2.7.1.1.3. Can't agree on new quotas, each side sets their own
2.7.1.2. Resolution
2.7.1.2.1. 1999 new treaty signed
2.7.1.2.2. Redistribution of Quotas
2.8. War on Terror
2.8.1. 9/11
2.8.1.1. Attack on NYC and Pentagon
2.8.1.1.1. By Al Qaeda
2.8.2. Operation Enduring Freedom
2.8.2.1. USA entry into war on terror
2.8.2.2. Troops to South East Asia and Afghanistan
2.8.3. NATO response
2.8.3.1. Attack on 1 is attack on all
2.8.3.2. International Stabilization force
2.8.4. Canada's response
2.8.4.1. Operation Support
2.8.4.1.1. Provide for aircraft diverted to Canadian Airspace
2.9. War on Iraq
2.9.1. Canada will only support war if approved by UN
2.9.2. USA goes ahead without UN support
2.9.3. Canada contributed for humanitarian assistance
3. Political Change in Canada
3.1. New Political Parties
3.1.1. Bloc Quebecois
3.1.1.1. Led by Lucien Bouchard
3.1.1.2. Official opposition in 1993
3.1.1.3. Separatist
3.1.2. Reform
3.1.2.1. 1997 official opposition
3.1.2.2. Grows out of western discontent
3.1.2.3. Reform constitution so more fair for west
3.1.2.4. Opposed bilingualism, special status for Quebec, cut social spending, restrict immigration
3.2. Progressive Party
3.2.1. John Diefenbaker
3.2.1.1. 1957-1963
3.2.1.2. "The Chief"
3.2.1.3. Protects less fortunate
3.2.1.3.1. Gave financial aid to farmers
3.2.1.3.2. Raised pensions for elderly and disabled
3.2.1.4. Powerful speaker
3.2.1.5. Canadian Bill of Rights
3.3. Liberal Party
3.3.1. Louis St. Laurent
3.3.1.1. 1948-1957
3.3.1.2. "Uncle Louis"
3.3.1.3. Oil industry boomed
3.3.1.4. mining industries
3.3.1.5. Trans-Canada highway/natural gas pipeline
3.3.2. Lester B. Pearson
3.3.2.1. 1963-1968
3.3.2.2. "Mike"
3.3.2.3. Awarded Noble Peace Prize, Suez Crisis
3.3.2.4. Canadian Medical Care
3.3.3. Pierre Trudeau
3.3.3.1. Brilliant scholar and lawyer with charisma
3.3.3.2. Improved benefits for the poor and elderely
4. Cold War
4.1. New Power Structure: Bipolar World
4.1.1. Fear of nuclear war
4.2. Idealogical Differences
4.2.1. Communist vs. Capitalist
4.2.2. Authoritarian vs. Democracy
4.2.3. West fear Communist revolution
4.2.4. Soviet fear counter revolution
4.3. International Concerns
4.3.1. Domino Theory
4.3.1.1. Fall to communism
4.3.2. Truman Doctrine
4.3.2.1. US support free peoples around world resisting subjugation
4.3.3. Marshall Plan
4.3.3.1. Rebuild Europe to resist Communism
4.3.4. Satellite States
4.4. Division of Germany
4.4.1. France
4.4.2. Britain
4.4.3. USA
4.4.4. Soviet Union
4.5. Gouzenko Affair
4.5.1. Igor Gouzenko
4.5.1.1. Reveals 2 spy rings
4.5.1.2. Threatened by Soviet Union
4.5.1.3. Spends life in RCMP Protection
4.5.1.4. Brings threat of communism to Canada
4.6. Red Scare
4.6.1. Fear of Communism
4.6.2. Worse in USA
4.6.3. RCMP has illegal/secret background checks
4.6.4. Immigrants denied entry
4.6.5. Some deported
4.7. Recognition of Communist China
4.8. Korean War
4.8.1. North
4.8.1.1. Communist
4.8.1.1.1. Soviet Union, China
4.8.2. South
4.8.2.1. Anti-Communist
4.8.2.1.1. UN forces, led by USA
4.8.3. Canada
4.8.3.1. 26,500 served
4.8.3.2. 1000 wounded
4.8.3.3. 400 killed
4.8.3.4. Supported UN
4.9. Vietnam War
4.9.1. North
4.9.1.1. Communist
4.9.2. South
4.9.2.1. Anti Communist, partially Democratic
4.9.3. North attacked South
5. Social Change in Canada
5.1. Immigration
5.1.1. Citizen Act of 1976
5.1.1.1. Eliminates gender discimination
5.1.1.2. Citizenship to children of overseas marriages
5.1.1.3. Adequate knowledge of 1/2 official languages to become a citizen
5.1.2. Immigration Act of 1978
5.1.2.1. 3 categories of immigrants
5.1.2.1.1. Family Class
5.1.2.1.2. Refugees
5.1.2.1.3. Independents
5.1.3. Multiculturalism
5.1.3.1. To combat racial tension, Trudeau's gov't adopt a policy of multiculturalism
5.1.3.1.1. Schools set up new courses
5.1.3.1.2. Promote multicultural events
5.1.3.1.3. Set up council to study problems of different ethnic groups
5.2. Women
5.2.1. Legislative Change
5.2.1.1. Discrimination against women is ilegal
5.2.1.2. 1976
5.2.1.2.1. maternity leave laws
5.2.1.3. 1977
5.2.1.3.1. equal work for equal pay
5.2.1.4. 1978
5.2.1.4.1. Child Tax credit
5.2.1.5. Human Rights Commission
5.2.2. Women in Government
5.2.2.1. 1978
5.2.2.1.1. Jean Sauve
5.2.2.2. Females appointed to supreme court
5.2.3. Women in the workforce
5.2.3.1. 1970
5.2.3.1.1. 35% of women employed
5.2.3.2. 1980
5.2.3.2.1. 40% of women are employed
5.2.3.3. Men have top jobs and paid more for same work
6. Economic Change in Canada
6.1. Gov't spending rises under Trudeau
6.2. Mulroney and conservatives come to power
6.3. Neo-Conservatives
6.3.1. Reduced gov't interference in economy
6.3.2. Increased reliance on market forces of supply and demand
6.4. Strengthen private sector
6.5. Economy shifted from consumer goods to service industries
6.6. Higher skill, less workers so unemployment rises
6.7. Increased gap between rich and poor
6.8. Poverty goes up
6.9. Mulroney creates free trade agreements
6.9.1. FTA with USA
6.9.2. North American Free Trade Agreement with USA and Mexico
6.9.3. Pros
6.9.3.1. Pros increased trade and investment
6.9.4. Cons
6.9.4.1. Loss of jobs
6.9.5. Unsuccessful due to recession
6.10. Liberals come to power in 1993
6.10.1. End deficits
6.10.2. Gov't running surplus by 1998