1. Change
1.1. Union Act
1.1.1. What is this
1.1.1.1. A response to Lord Durham's report
1.1.1.2. Passed in 1840 and came to effect in 1841
1.1.1.3. The Act changed things to prevent violence
1.1.2. Who was involved
1.1.2.1. Lord Durham
1.1.2.2. British government
1.1.2.3. The French
1.1.3. Effect/What happened
1.1.3.1. Canada's were renamed Canada West and East
1.1.3.2. There would be equal representation for each province
1.1.3.3. The government did not change
1.2. Papineau's 92 Resolutions
1.2.1. What is this
1.2.1.1. 92 complaints to the British government
1.2.1.1.1. Happened in 1834
1.2.1.2. Key issues were
1.2.1.2.1. Who chooses the members of the legislative council?
1.2.1.2.2. Who controls the executive council?
1.2.1.2.3. What should happen to the seignurial system
1.2.1.2.4. Who controls the takes of lower Canada
1.2.2. Who was involved
1.2.2.1. Louis-Joseph Papineau
1.2.2.2. Lord John Russel
1.2.2.3. British government
1.2.3. Effect/What happened
1.2.3.1. The Russel resolutions was the response to this
1.2.3.1.1. Happened in 1837
1.2.3.2. The Russel resolutions answered back but did not give much
1.2.3.3. Nothing really happened to the government
1.3. Representation
1.3.1. What is this
1.3.1.1. A fight a bout representation of Lower and Upper Canada
1.3.1.2. There was either equal representation of representation by population
1.3.1.3. Lower Canada had a bigger population but there were more English than French
1.3.2. Who was involved
1.3.2.1. Lord Durham
1.3.2.2. Upper Canada
1.3.2.3. Lower Canada
1.3.3. Effect/What happened
1.3.3.1. Equal representation was granted
1.3.3.2. Lord Durham wanted representation by population
1.3.3.3. Each Canada got 65 representatives
1.4. Should the Government make Major or Minor Changes?
1.4.1. What is this
1.4.1.1. Government had to decide whether to make major or minor changes to their system
1.4.1.2. The Radicals wanted major changes
1.4.1.2.1. They wanted to vote everyone in, instead of people appointing the positions
1.4.1.2.2. They wanted to abolish the lieutenant-governor, executive council and legislative council positions
1.4.1.3. The Reformers wanted minor changes
1.4.1.3.1. They wanted a responsible government
1.4.1.3.2. There small changes that gave the legislative assembly more power
1.4.2. Who was involved
1.4.2.1. Robert Baldwin
1.4.2.2. Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine
1.4.2.3. Radicals
1.4.2.4. Reformers
1.4.2.5. British government
1.4.3. Effect/What happened
1.4.3.1. The government still had to decide what to do
1.4.3.2. The British wanted to please both sides somehow
1.5. Joining the Canadas
1.5.1. What is this
1.5.1.1. A decision whether to rename the Canadas
1.5.1.2. Durham thought that Lower Canada was lagging in canal systems, so joining the Canadas would speed it up
1.5.2. Who was involved
1.5.2.1. Lord Durham
1.5.2.2. British government
1.5.2.3. Upper Canada
1.5.2.4. Lower Canada
1.5.3. Effect/What happened
1.5.3.1. Upper Canada and Lower Canada were renamed Canada West and East
1.5.3.2. New Capital City would be Kingston, Canada West
1.5.3.3. They would have one Legislature to make laws for both
1.6. Should the Government Reduce influence of Canadiens?
1.6.1. What is this
1.6.1.1. The English wanted more power from the British government
1.6.1.2. Canadiens out numbered the English, so the English wanted more power
1.6.1.3. The power the English wanted was to change the law in their favor
1.6.2. Who was involved
1.6.2.1. French
1.6.2.2. English
1.6.2.3. British government
1.6.3. Effect/What happened
1.6.3.1. The British could not please both sides at the same time, they could only please one
1.6.3.2. Later on, Durham wanted to assimilate the French
1.6.3.3. Lord Durham wrote a report about this situation
1.7. Responsible Government
1.7.1. What is this
1.7.1.1. Lord Durham wanted a responsible government
1.7.1.2. The Reformers also wanted a responsible government
1.7.2. Who was involved
1.7.2.1. Lord Durham
1.7.2.2. British government
1.7.2.3. Reformers
1.7.3. Effect/What happened
1.7.3.1. Later on, the British government did not grant a responsible government
2. People
2.1. William Lyon Mackenzie
2.1.1. Who
2.1.1.1. Born in Scotland (1798-1861)
2.1.1.2. Came to Upper Canada in 1820
2.1.1.3. A printer by trade
2.1.2. Life
2.1.2.1. Elected to Legislative assembly in 1828
2.1.2.2. Was expelled form legislative assembly in 1831 for publishing libels.
2.1.2.3. Re-elected for assembly four times
2.1.3. What he did
2.1.3.1. He led a illegal rebellion against the crown
2.1.3.2. Was one of the brave people to stand up to0 the government
2.1.3.3. Wanted a revolution against the government
2.2. Lord Durham
2.2.1. Who
2.2.1.1. Arrived in Quebec City to carry out two tasks
2.2.1.1.1. To find out why there were Rebellions in Lower and Upper Canada
2.2.1.1.2. To make a report of recommendations to prevent more violence
2.2.1.2. 46 years old when assigned with tasks
2.2.1.3. Spoke French and English fluently
2.2.2. Life
2.2.2.1. N/A
2.2.3. What he did
2.2.3.1. Made a report for the Government recommending solutions to prevent violence
2.2.3.2. Focused on what the Reformers wanted
2.3. Sir Francis Bond Head
2.3.1. Who
2.3.1.1. Soldier in British army
2.3.1.2. From 1793-1875
2.3.1.3. Spent years working in South America as a engineer
2.3.2. Life
2.3.2.1. Promoted to lieutenant-governor in 1835
2.3.2.2. First supported to Reforms but then went against them
2.3.2.3. Legislative assembly passed a resolution criticizing Bond Head's Behavior
2.3.3. What he did
2.3.3.1. Interfered with the Elections so the Tories won
2.3.3.2. Made the Reformer's lose heart and give up
2.3.3.3. Resisted the Reformers a lot
2.4. Louis-Joseph Papineau
2.4.1. Who
2.4.1.1. Born in Montreal (1786-1871)
2.4.1.2. One of Lower Canada's privileged people
2.4.1.3. Became interested in politics and was elected into the legislative assembly in 1809
2.4.2. Life
2.4.2.1. Supported Reform
2.4.2.2. His supporters were called patriotes
2.4.2.3. Tried to persuade British government to reform Lower Canada
2.4.3. What he did
2.4.3.1. Was the voice of moderated reform in 1830s
2.4.3.2. Tried to achieve reform through peaceful means
2.4.3.3. Published Papineau's 92 Resolutions
3. Conflict
3.1. Rebellion of 1837 in Lower Canada
3.1.1. Battle of Saint-Denis and Saint-Charles
3.1.1.1. What is this
3.1.1.1.1. Armed Patriotes captured a seigneurs manor
3.1.1.1.2. Battle at Saint-Denis and Charles
3.1.1.1.3. Happened at late November in 1837
3.1.1.2. Who was involved
3.1.1.2.1. Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Gore
3.1.1.2.2. Patriotes
3.1.1.3. Effect/What happened
3.1.1.3.1. The army of Francis Gore defeated about 100 rebels
3.1.1.3.2. The battle demonstrated the determination of the British government to stop the rebels
3.1.1.3.3. Rebels claimed victory and then they lost
3.1.2. Battle of Saint-Eustache
3.1.2.1. What is this
3.1.2.1.1. A battle at Saint-Eustache
3.1.2.1.2. In mid December in 1837
3.1.2.1.3. Patriotes defending a camp
3.1.2.2. Who was involved
3.1.2.2.1. Sir John Colborne
3.1.2.2.2. Patriotes
3.1.2.3. Effect/What happened
3.1.2.3.1. About 100 rebels killed
3.1.2.3.2. Colborne led 1200 armed troops to attack
3.1.2.3.3. battle proved that the rebels needed much more power to win
3.2. Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada
3.2.1. What is this
3.2.1.1. William Lyon Mackenzie organized a large group of rebels to attack Upper Canada
3.2.1.2. In early December in 1837
3.2.1.3. Rebels gathered at Montgomery's Tavern
3.2.2. Who was involved
3.2.2.1. William Lyon Mackenzie
3.2.2.2. Rebels
3.2.2.3. British soldiers
3.2.3. Effect/What happened
3.2.3.1. Mackenzie and his rebels were defeated badly
3.2.3.2. Mackenzie then retreated to United States and then went back to Toronto to resume his normal life
3.2.3.3. He was luckier than Samuel Lount and Peter Mathews who were hanged as traitors
3.3. Hunters' Lodges
3.3.1. What is this
3.3.1.1. Americans joined the Patriote rebels hoping to defeat the British
3.3.1.2. The rebels went to the United States to prepare invasions
3.3.1.3. About 40000-60000 rebels
3.3.2. Who was involved
3.3.2.1. Patriotes
3.3.2.2. The Hunters' Lodges were the rebels in Upper Canada
3.3.2.3. The Freres Chasseurs were the rebels in Lower Canada
3.3.3. Effect/What happened
3.3.3.1. Many invasions happened
3.3.3.2. Rebels defeated at Windsor, Prescott, Napierville, Lacolle and Odelltown.
3.4. Government
3.4.1. What is this
3.4.1.1. A battle between a responsible government or the original one
3.4.1.2. Durham and Reformers wanted it
3.4.2. Who was involved
3.4.2.1. Lord Durham
3.4.2.2. British Government
3.4.2.3. Canadas
3.4.3. Effect/What happened
3.4.3.1. The responsible government was so far not granted
3.4.3.2. Reformers and Durham did not get what they wanted