1. Hard disk
1.1. A hard disk contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information
1.2. Hard disks can store data using longitudinal recording or perpendicular recording
1.3. Characteristics of a hard disk
1.3.1. New node
1.3.2. Platters
1.3.3. Read/Write Heads
1.3.4. New node
1.3.5. Sectors and Tracks
1.3.6. Revolutions per Minute
1.3.7. Transfer Rate
1.3.8. Access Time
1.4. The hard disk arms move the read/write head, which reads items and writes items in the drive
1.4.1. Location often is referred to by its cylinder
1.5. A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter
1.6. Always keep a backup of your hard disk
1.7. RAID
1.7.1. RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a group of two or more integrated hard disk
1.8. Network attached storage
1.8.1. A network attached storage (NAS) device is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage
1.9. External hard disk
1.9.1. An external hard disk is a separate free-standing hard disk that connects to your computer with a cable or wirelessly
1.10. Removable hard disk
1.10.1. A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and remove from a drive
1.11. Internal and external hard disks are available in miniature sizes (miniature hard disks)
1.12. A disk controller consists of a special-purpose chip and electronic circuits that control the transfer of data, instructions, and information from a disk to and from the system bus and other components of the computer
1.12.1. SATA
1.12.2. EIDE
1.12.3. SCSI
1.12.4. SAS
2. Putting It All Together
2.1. Home user
2.1.1. 320 GB hard disk
2.1.2. Cloud storage
2.1.3. Optical disc drive
2.1.4. Card reader/writer
2.1.5. USB flash drive
2.2. Small Office/Home Office user
2.2.1. 1 TB hard disk
2.2.2. Cloud storage
2.2.3. Optical disc drive
2.2.4. External hard disk for backup
2.2.5. USB flash drive
2.3. New node
2.3.1. 250 GB hard disk
2.3.2. Cloud storage
2.3.3. Optical disc drive
2.3.4. Portable hard disk for backup
2.3.5. Card reader/writer
2.3.6. USB flash drive
2.4. Power User
2.4.1. 2.5 TB hard disk
2.4.2. Cloud storage
2.4.3. Optical disc drive
2.4.4. Portable hard disk for backup
2.4.5. USB flash drive
2.5. Enterprise User (desktop computer)
2.5.1. 1 TB hard disk
2.5.2. Optical disc drive
2.5.3. Smart card reader
2.5.4. Tape drive
2.5.5. USB flash drive
2.6. Enterprise User (server or mainframe)
2.6.1. Network storage server
2.6.2. 40 TB hard disk system
2.6.3. Optical disc server
2.6.4. Microfilm or microfiche
3. Summary
3.1. Various storage media and storage devices
3.2. Internal hard disks, external and removable hard disks, solid state drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, ExpressCard modules, cloud storage, CDs, DVDs, and Blue-ray Discs, tape, smart cards, and microfilm and microfiche
4. Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use
4.1. A storage medium is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
5. Capacity
5.1. Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
6. Storage device
6.1. A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
6.2. Reading is the process of transferring items from a storage medium into memory
6.3. Writing is the process of transferring items from memory to a storage medium
7. Access time
7.1. The amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium
7.2. The time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor
8. Flash Memory Storage
8.1. Solid state drives
8.1.1. Solid state drives (SSDs) have several advantages over magnetic hard disks
8.1.1.1. Faster access time
8.1.1.2. Faster transfer rates
8.1.1.3. Generate less heat and consume less power
8.1.1.4. Last longer
8.2. Memory card
8.2.1. A memory card is a removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer
8.2.1.1. CompactFlash (CF)
8.2.1.2. Secure Digital (SD)
8.2.1.3. Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC)
8.2.1.4. microSD
8.2.1.5. microSDHC
8.2.1.6. xD Picture Card
8.2.1.7. Memory Stick
8.2.1.8. Memory Stick Micro (M2)
8.3. USB flash drives
8.3.1. USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device
8.4. ExpressCard module
8.4.1. An ExpressCard module is a removable device that fits in an ExpressCard slot
8.5. Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media and contain no moving parts
8.6. Commonly used in notebook computers
8.7. Developed by the PCMCIA
9. Cloud Storage
9.1. Users subscribe to cloud storage for a variety of reasons
9.1.1. Access files from any computer
9.1.2. Store large files instantaneously
9.1.3. Allow others to access their files
9.1.4. View time-critical data and images immediately
9.1.5. Store offsite backups
9.1.6. New node
9.2. Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer users
10. Optical Discs
10.1. An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser
10.2. Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music
10.3. Read only vs. rewritable
10.4. Optical discs commonly store items in a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to the edge
10.5. Track is divided into evenly sized sectors
10.6. CD-ROM
10.6.1. A CD-ROM can be read from but not written to Read from a CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player
10.7. CD-R
10.7.1. A CD-R is a multisession optical disc on which users can write, but not erase
10.8. CD-RW
10.8.1. A CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc Must have a CD-RW drive
10.9. Archive disc
10.9.1. Stores photos from an online photo center
10.9.2. Resolution usually is 7200 pixels per photo
10.9.3. Cost is determined by the number of photos being stored
10.10. Picture CD
10.10.1. Single-session CD-ROM that stores digital versions of film
10.10.2. Typically uses a 1024 x 1536 resolution
10.10.3. Many photo centers offer Picture CD services
10.11. DVD-ROM
10.11.1. A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase Requires a DVD-ROM drive
10.12. Blu-ray Disc-ROM
10.12.1. A Blu-ray Disc-ROM (BD-ROM) has a storage capacity of 100 GB
10.13. DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM
10.13.1. DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are high-capacity rewritable DVD formats
11. Other Types of Storage
11.1. Tape
11.1.1. Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information
11.1.2. A tape drive reads and writes data and information on a tape
11.2. Magnetic stripe cards and smart cards
11.2.1. A magnetic stripe card contains a magnetic stripe that stores information
11.2.2. A smart card stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card
11.3. Microfilm and microfiche
11.3.1. Microfilm and microfiche store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet flim
11.4. Enterprise storage
11.4.1. Enterprise storage stores huge volumes of data and information for large businesses