1. Axilla
2. Arm muscles
2.1. Anterior compartment (flexors)
2.1.1. Biceps brachii
2.1.2. Brachialis
2.1.3. Chorachobrachialis
2.2. Posterior compartment (extensors)
2.2.1. Triceps brachii
2.2.2. Anconeus
3. Scapulohumeral muscles
3.1. Deltoid
3.1.1. Origine
3.1.1.1. Anterior Fibers : Lateral Third of the Anterior Border of the Clavicle
3.1.1.2. Middle Fibers: Lateral Border of the Acromion
3.1.1.3. Posterior Fibers: Lower Border of the Spine of the Scapula
3.1.2. Insertion
3.1.2.1. Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
3.1.3. Nerve supply
3.1.3.1. Axillary Nerve
3.1.4. Action
3.1.4.1. Anterior Fibers – Flexion & Medial Rotation of Arm
3.1.4.2. Middle Fibres: Abduction of Arm up to 90°
3.1.4.3. Posterior Fibres – Assist in Extension & Act in Lateral Rotation of Arm
3.1.5. Intramuscular injections
3.2. Teres major
3.2.1. Origine
3.2.1.1. Posterior Surface of Inferior Angle of Scapula
3.2.2. Insertion
3.2.2.1. Medial Lip on Intertubercular Groove of Humerus
3.2.3. Nerve supply
3.2.3.1. Lower Subscapular Nerve
3.2.4. Action
3.2.4.1. Adducts
3.2.4.2. Medially Rotates
3.2.4.3. Help in Extending Flexed Arm
3.3. Coracobrachialis
3.3.1. Origine
3.3.1.1. Coracoid process of scapula
3.3.2. Insertion
3.3.2.1. middle of medial surface of shaft of the humerus
3.3.3. Nerve supply
3.3.3.1. Musculocutaneous nerve
3.3.4. action
3.3.4.1. flexion
3.3.4.2. adduction
3.4. Rotator cuff muscles
3.4.1. Subscapularis
3.4.1.1. Origine
3.4.1.1.1. Subscapular Fossa
3.4.1.2. Insertion
3.4.1.2.1. Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
3.4.1.3. Nerve supply
3.4.1.3.1. Upper & Lower Subscapular Nerves
3.4.1.4. action
3.4.1.4.1. Medial rotation
3.4.1.4.2. adduction
3.4.1.4.3. Helps to Hold Humeral Head in Glenoid Cavity
3.4.2. Supraspinatus
3.4.2.1. Origine
3.4.2.1.1. Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
3.4.2.2. Insertion
3.4.2.2.1. Superior Facet on Greater Tubercle of Humerus
3.4.2.3. Nerve supply
3.4.2.3.1. Suprascapular Nerve
3.4.2.4. Action
3.4.2.4.1. Initiates (15°) & Assists Deltoid in Abduction of Arm
3.4.2.4.2. Stabilize the Shoulder by Maintaining Head in Cavity
3.4.3. Infraspinatus
3.4.3.1. Origine
3.4.3.1.1. Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula
3.4.3.2. Insertion
3.4.3.2.1. Middle Facet on Greater Tubercle of Humerus
3.4.3.3. Nerve supply
3.4.3.3.1. Suprascapular Nerve
3.4.3.4. Action
3.4.3.4.1. Laterally Rotates the Arm
3.4.3.4.2. Help to Hold Humeral Head in Glenoid Cavity of Scapula
3.4.4. Teres minor
3.4.4.1. Origine
3.4.4.1.1. Lateral Border of Scapula
3.4.4.2. Insertion
3.4.4.2.1. Inferior Facet on Greater Tubercle of Humerus
3.4.4.3. Nerve supply
3.4.4.3.1. Axillary Nerve
3.4.4.4. Action
3.4.4.4.1. Laterally Rotates the Arm
3.4.4.4.2. Adducts the Arm (weak)
3.4.4.4.3. Help to Hold Humeral Head in Glenoid Cavity of Scapula
4. Posterior axioappendicular muscles
4.1. Deep
4.1.1. Levator scapulae
4.1.2. Rhomboids
4.1.2.1. Major (wider)
4.1.2.2. Minor (thicker)
4.2. Superficial
4.2.1. Trapezius
4.2.1.1. Origins
4.2.1.1.1. Occipital bone
4.2.1.1.2. Ligamentum nuchae
4.2.1.1.3. C7 to T12
4.2.1.2. Insertion
4.2.1.2.1. Superior fibres (occipital and upper cervical)
4.2.1.2.2. Middle fibres (lower cervical and upper thorcaic)
4.2.1.2.3. Inferior fibres
4.2.1.3. Nerve supply
4.2.1.3.1. Motor
4.2.1.3.2. Sensory
4.2.1.4. Action
4.2.1.4.1. all fibers
4.2.1.4.2. superor fibers
4.2.1.4.3. middle fibers
4.2.1.4.4. inferior fibers
4.2.2. Latissimus dorsi
4.2.2.1. Origins
4.2.2.2. Insertion
5. Anterior axioappendicular muscles
5.1. Pectoralis major
5.1.1. Location
5.1.1.1. Anterior wall of the axilla
5.1.1.2. Forms the anterior axillary fold
5.1.1.3. Covered by tough fascia
5.1.2. 2 origins
5.1.2.1. sternocostal head
5.1.2.1.1. Sternum
5.1.2.1.2. Upper 6 costal cartilages
5.1.2.1.3. aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen
5.1.2.2. Clavicular head
5.1.2.2.1. Medial Half of the Clavicle
5.1.3. Insertion
5.1.3.1. Lateral lip of the biciptal groove (intertubercular sulcus) of the humerus
5.1.4. Action
5.1.4.1. as a whole
5.1.4.1.1. Medial rotation
5.1.4.1.2. Adduction
5.1.4.1.3. Accessory inspiratory muscle
5.1.4.2. clavicular head
5.1.4.2.1. assist in flexion
5.1.4.3. sternocostal head
5.1.4.3.1. extends the flexed arm to the side of the trunk
5.1.5. Innervation
5.1.5.1. medial and lateral pectoral nerves
5.1.5.1.1. Clavicular head (C5,6)
5.1.5.1.2. Sternocostal (C6,7,8,and T1)
5.2. Pectoralis minor
5.2.1. location
5.2.1.1. anterior wall of the axilla
5.2.2. Origins
5.2.2.1. 3rd-5th ribs
5.2.3. Insertion
5.2.3.1. Carocoid process of scapula
5.2.4. Nerve supply
5.2.4.1. Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
5.2.5. Action
5.2.5.1. Protraction (assist serratus anterior)
5.2.5.2. Accessory inspiratory muscle (assists in forced inhalation)
5.2.5.3. Important landmark to axillary artery and brachial plexus cords
5.2.5.4. Connected to clavicle by clavipectoral fascia
5.2.5.5. Stabilises the scapula
5.2.5.5.1. Depresses the Point of Shoulder to Rest Position after full abduction
5.3. Subclavius
5.3.1. Origine
5.3.1.1. First Costal Cartilage and Adjacent Bone
5.3.2. Insertion
5.3.2.1. Inferior surface of clavicle (subclavicle groove)
5.3.3. Nerve supply
5.3.3.1. Nerve to subclavius
5.3.4. Action
5.3.4.1. stabilising the clavicle
5.3.4.2. depresses the clavicle
5.3.4.3. prevents damage to subclavian vain when the clavicle is fractured
5.3.4.4. stabilising the clavicle
5.4. Serratus anterior
5.4.1. Medial wall of the axilla
5.4.2. Origin
5.4.2.1. Outer Lateral Surfaces of the Upper Eight Ribs
5.4.3. Insertion
5.4.3.1. Medial margin of the costal surface of Scapula
5.4.4. Nerve supply
5.4.4.1. Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell
5.4.5. Action
5.4.5.1. Protracts Scapula (draws it internally and forward)
5.4.5.2. Rotates the scapula
5.4.5.3. lowers the arm from a raised position
5.4.5.4. Holds vertebral border of scapula Against Thoracic Wall in all positions
5.4.5.5. Accessory forced inspiratory muscle