1. Insecure Livelihood <- Food and nutrition insecurity
2. Low income of farmers
3. Low profit margins for output on market
4. lack of policy implementation
4.1. lack of political will
4.2. lack of ressources
4.3. Weak PFM
4.4. lack of alignment between planning and budget (FISP)
4.5. lack of good link with research
5. young farmers are less productive
5.1. no participation in decision-making processes
5.2. limited access to assets,, mainly land
6. female farmers are less productive
6.1. women have smaller plots of land
6.2. limited participation in household and community decision making
6.3. lower litteracy levels
6.4. control of assets in hand of men
6.5. limited participation in production and markting of cash crops
6.6. less access to farm labour and mechanisation
6.7. prime victims of gender-based violence
7. Maize trap
7.1. obligatory own production of maize
8. land degradation and deforestation
8.1. agricultural practices not adapted to intensive land use and weather extremes
8.1.1. low adoption of agricultural technologies
8.1.1.1. smallholder farming on communal land
8.1.1.2. resistance to innovation
8.1.2. low access to information
8.1.3. low technical labour skills
8.2. poor management of land, water and soils
8.3. undiversified crops
9. low and erratic rainfall
9.1. climate change
9.1.1. Establish checkpoints
9.1.2. Acquire team resources for stage
9.1.3. Conduct stage kick-off meeting
10. insufficient access to land
10.1. landfragmentation
10.1.1. land pressure
10.1.1.1. growing population
10.2. SHF on commonland vs estateland
11. low resilience to weather shocks
12. Uncompetitive value chains
12.1. high costs for farmers to access markets
12.2. limited quality of and access to marketing service provision
12.2.1. inadequate production and storage technologies
12.2.1.1. limited public and private investments in transport, storage and packaging
12.2.2. inadequate infrastructure for agriculture marketing
12.3. weak linkages to markets
12.3.1. low participation by traders in agr. markets
12.3.2. limited information on market prices
12.3.2.1. low accessibility (roads, technology)
12.3.3. transport and infrastructure problems
13. Weak and insufficient SHF organisations
14. limited access to credit and financial services
14.1. high interest rates
14.1.1. pooreconomicpolicies
14.2. lack of trust in SHF
14.2.1. low participation by traders in agr. markets
14.2.2. limited information on market prices
14.2.2.1. low accessibility (roads, technology)
14.3. microfinance sector not well developped
15. Low adoption of technogoly
15.1. low mechanisation levels
15.2. low levels of improved farm input
15.2.1. low access to farm inputs
15.2.2. sv
15.3. lack of investment in irrigation
16. weak extension service
16.1. weak distric tcapacity
16.2. poor coordination
16.3. lead farmers not active enough
16.4. underdevelopped pluralistic extension services
16.5. inadequate staff and training
16.6. weak link with research
17. Little dynamism on export market
17.1. low export base
18. no market incentives
18.1. low prices
18.1.1. difficult export procedures
18.1.2. prices set by domestic dominant actors