1. STEP OF SAMPLING
1.1. Identify the population
1.2. Determine the required sample size
2. BASIC RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
2.1. Systematic sampling
2.1.1. Drawback
2.1.2. Not used very often
2.1.3. Can be considered random if the list of the population is randomly ordered
2.2. Cluster sampling
2.2.1. Feasible method
2.2.2. Randomly select group, not individuals
2.2.3. All the member of selected groups have similar characteristics
2.2.4. Most useful
2.3. Stratified sampling
2.3.1. Identified subgroups
2.3.2. A variable that can be divided into various groups
2.4. Simple random sampling
2.4.1. Best single way to obtain a representative sample
2.4.2. Table of random numbers
2.4.3. Require in many statistical analyses
2.4.4. Result of chance, not of researchers conscious or unconscious bias
2.4.5. Equal and independent chance for all individuals
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLE
3.1. Number of participants
3.2. Demographics
3.2.1. Average no. of year teaching
3.2.2. Percentage of each gender or racial group
3.2.3. Level of education
3.2.4. Achievement level
4. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
4.1. Sampling is Process of selecting a number of participants for a study in such a way that they represent the larger group from which they were selected (Population)
4.2. A sample
4.2.1. Individual, items or events
4.3. Whole Population
4.3.1. Not feasible (time,cost), not necessary (generalisable if a sample is well selected)
5. SELECTING NON RANDOM SAMPLING
5.1. Not always possible to use random sampling
5.2. Difficult to describe the population from which a sample was drawn and to whom results can be generalised
6. NON RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
6.1. Convenience sampling
6.1.1. Includes in the sample whomever happens to be available at the time
6.1.2. Use of volunteers and existing groups
6.1.3. Those who volunteers to answer are usually different from nonvolunteers
6.2. Purposive sampling
6.2.1. Researcher selects a sample based on his experiences and knowledge of the group to be sampled
6.2.2. Much if the sampling in qualitative research is purposive
6.2.3. Main weakness - inaccuracy in the researcher's criteria and resulting sample selections
6.3. Quota sampling
6.3.1. Often used in survey research when it is not possible to list all members of the population
6.3.2. Data gatherers are given exact characteristics and quotas of persons to be interviewed
6.3.3. Obtained form easily accessible individuals