1. Cave Paintings
1.1. visually communicating other people on the inside of cave walls and ceilings
1.2. Lascaux Cave
1.2.1. most famous cave painting site
1.3. 3 reasons created?
1.3.1. instructional
1.3.2. religious
1.3.3. story telling
1.4. what were the paints made of?
1.4.1. water
1.4.2. plant juice
1.4.3. animal blood
1.4.4. soil
1.4.5. charcoal
1.4.6. hematite
2. Cuneiform
2.1. what is cuneiform?
2.1.1. one of the first languages written down
2.2. why was this created?
2.2.1. help keep track of business transactions
2.3. who was it created by?
2.3.1. Sumerians
2.3.1.1. who were the sumerians?
2.3.1.1.1. skilled artists who created pottery
2.3.1.1.2. music was big part of their lives
2.4. what did they choose to create cuneiform on?
2.4.1. clay tablets
2.4.1.1. how did they write it on they clay tablets?
2.4.1.1.1. wedge shaped stylus
3. Hieroglyphics
3.1. what does it have?
3.1.1. logographic and alphabetic elements
3.2. what is Hieroglyphics?
3.2.1. a formal writing system
3.3. where did the word come from?
3.3.1. two greek words
3.3.1.1. what does it mean?
3.3.1.1.1. HIERO: sacred GLYPHIC: writing/engraving
3.4. what was so important about communicating to the Ancient Egyptians?
3.4.1. religion and government
3.5. where did they write hieroglyphics?
3.5.1. rosetta stone
3.5.1.1. what other languages are written on the rosetta stone?
3.5.1.1.1. demotic and greek
4. Phonetic Alphabet
4.1. what was it?
4.1.1. direct variation for hieroglyphics
4.1.2. also goes along with cuneiform
4.1.3. one sign represents one spoken sound
4.2. what did the letters start with?
4.2.1. consonants :)
4.3. what helped the success of phonetic alphabet?
4.3.1. trade culture
4.4. since this alphabet was so simple who else could use/read it
4.4.1. people who speak different languages
4.5. what are serifs?
4.5.1. carving words into stones
4.5.1.1. how did they contribute to type desgin?
4.5.1.1.1. typography and penmanship
5. The Book
5.1. what book are we talking about and who adopted this book?
5.1.1. The bible; Christianity
5.2. what are scrolls?
5.2.1. write important documents on them
5.2.1.1. how were they made?
5.2.1.1.1. 1- rolled up
5.2.1.1.2. 2- wooden rolls at each end
5.3. what is parchment?
5.3.1. a type of paper
5.3.1.1. how was it different from papyrus?
5.3.1.1.1. parchment was better
5.3.1.2. how was it made?
5.3.1.2.1. sheep, goats, cows
5.4. what were natural quill pens used for?
5.4.1. detailed work
5.5. what were illuminated manuscripts?
5.5.1. borders and illustrations
6. Gutenberg Press
6.1. what is a printing press?
6.1.1. printing will movable type
6.1.1.1. what is movable type?
6.1.1.1.1. metal type
6.2. what technology did Gutenberg begin to experiment with?
6.2.1. screw-type for pressing grapes and olive seeds
6.2.1.1. after his move:
6.2.1.1.1. metal typography
6.3. first movable type system:
6.3.1. in China
6.3.1.1. carved from wood
6.4. why was metal type better than wood?
6.4.1. you didn't need to carve a new block each time
6.5. how did Gutenberg create metal type?
6.5.1. lead
6.5.2. tin
6.5.3. antimony
6.6. what is a matrix?
6.6.1. hard metal punch hammered into a softer copper bar
6.7. how did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
6.7.1. perfect script; easier to read
6.7.2. books made faster
6.7.3. cost decreased
6.7.4. demand grew
6.7.5. current information could be shared around the world
6.7.6. people became more literate
6.7.7. book trade
6.8. four major printing process
6.8.1. relief printing
6.8.2. Intaglio
6.8.3. Porous
6.8.4. Lithography
7. Linotype Machine
7.1. Clephane was looking to find an easier way to transcribe his notes and legal notes
7.2. who would be the first and most important users of the typewriter?
7.2.1. stenographers
7.3. what did Linotype Machine allow operators to do?
7.3.1. allowed type to be set mechanically
7.4. where did the name linotype come from?
7.4.1. fact that it produces an entire line of metal type at once
7.5. black keys: lowercase letters
7.5.1. white keys: uppercase
7.5.1.1. blue keys: punctuation
7.6. what is a slug?
7.6.1. assembled line of type
8. Photography
8.1. what was a camera obscura?
8.1.1. a dark chamber
8.2. camera obscura in 1500s
8.2.1. darkened room with convex lens inserted into the wall
8.3. the obscura changed into what in the 17th and 18th century?
8.3.1. size of a portable box
8.4. first practical photographic process?
8.4.1. created by Louis Daguerre
8.4.1.1. called Daguerreotype
8.4.1.1.1. shortened the process to half an hour
8.5. what is instant photography?
8.5.1. one step process
8.6. what is gelatin?
8.6.1. clear substance that coats glass
9. Computers
9.1. Who designed the Mark series of computers
9.1.1. Howard Aiken
9.1.1.1. who/what were the computers created for?
9.1.1.1.1. gunnery and ballistic calculations
9.1.2. Grace Hopper
9.2. first commercial computer?
9.2.1. Univac
9.2.1.1. who designed it?
9.2.1.1.1. John Preseper Eckert
9.2.1.1.2. John Mauchly
9.2.1.2. what does this stand for?
9.2.1.2.1. Universal Automatic Computer
9.3. what does IBM stand for?
9.3.1. international business machine
9.4. first high level programing language?
9.4.1. fortran
9.5. first computer game?
9.5.1. spacewar
9.6. who invented the computer mouse?
9.6.1. Douglas Engelbart
9.6.1.1. why was this tool nicknamed the mouse?
9.6.1.1.1. it was a tail (cord) connecting to the computer
9.7. what was the first internet called?
9.7.1. apranet
9.8. what was the Intel 4004?
9.8.1. first single chip microprocessor
9.8.1.1. who produced it?
9.8.1.1.1. intel
9.9. what does PC stand for?
9.9.1. personal computer
10. elements of design
10.1. what does it take to create good graphic design?
10.1.1. elements
10.2. difference between elements and principles
10.2.1. elements: things we actually add to the design
10.2.2. principles: tell you how to organize those elements
10.3. 6 elements of design
10.3.1. line
10.3.2. shape or form
10.3.3. texture
10.3.4. space
10.3.5. value
10.3.6. color
10.4. what can lines aid in?
10.4.1. readability
10.5. horizontal lines are a feeling of rest
10.6. vertical lines are a feeling of loftiness
10.7. diagonal lines are a feeling of movement
10.8. what element defines a specific area of space?
10.8.1. shape
10.9. abstract shapes
10.9.1. simplified versions of natural shapes
10.10. attitude of honesty or equality
10.10.1. sqaure
10.11. protection or infinity
10.11.1. circle
10.12. texture
10.12.1. actual surface of a design or the feel of the texture on the paper or materials
10.13. value
10.13.1. degree of light and dark in a design
10.13.1.1. another name for value
10.13.1.1.1. tone
10.14. element of color can
10.14.1. convey moods
10.14.2. create images
10.14.3. attract attention
10.14.4. identify objects