Expression of Concentration

1. Formality

1.1. No. of gram formal weight of the solute dissolved per litre of solution

1.1.1. F=GFWt/Litre of solution

2. Percentage

2.1. %wt/wt

2.2. %wt/vol

2.3. % vol/vol

2.4. % Vol/Wt

2.5. amount of the solute per 100 parts of the solution

2.6. It can also be called as parts per hundred (pph)

3. Mole fraction

3.1. X1=No. moles of solute 1/Total number of moles of solution

4. ppm

4.1. [mass of solute/mass of solution] x 1000000

4.1.1. mg of solute/kg of solution

5. Normality

5.1. N

5.1.1. It is defined as the number of gram equivalents (equivalent weight in grams) of a solute present per litre of the solution.

5.1.1.1. N = MW/(Valence of solute x Volume of solution in liter)

5.1.1.2. N=Gram Eqt. Wt of solute/Vol of solution in litre

5.1.1.3. N= Molarity X Basicity

6. Molarity

6.1. No. moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution

6.1.1. M=Moles of solute / Vol of solution in L

6.2. M

7. Molality

7.1. No. of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g or 1Kg of solvent

7.1.1. m

7.1.1.1. m=moles of solute/1Kg of solvent

8. ppb

8.1. [mass of solute/mass of solution] x 1000000000

8.1.1. microgram of solute/kg of solution